
Copyright N^ 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 




MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE. 



THE t6S DECISIVE BATTLE 
OF THE WORLD- 
GETTYSBURG. 




BY 

JAMES T. LONG. 

Gettysburg Compiler Print. 






LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

JUL 7 1906 

^ Copyright Entry . 

CLASS Ct XXi. No 



Copyrighted 
" by 
JAMES T, LONG, 

All Rights Reserved. 



MEMORANDA AS TO TIME, 



May. 28. Hooker advises War Department of 
contemplated movement of enemy. 

June 2. Hooker issues marching rations to 
his army. 

June 3. Lee's Army commences to move 
westward on its way north. 

June 9. This movement shown by the cav- 
alry fight at Brandy Station. 

June 1 1 . Hooker's Army commences to move 
northward. 

June 14. Milroy's Army defeated at Win- 
chester retreats to Harper's Ferry. 

June 16. Confederate Cavalry enter Green- 
castle, Pa. 

June 22. Ewell's Corps, (in the advance) 
crosses the Potomac River. 

June 25. Reynolds' ist Corps (in the ad- 
vance) crosses the Potomac. 

June 26. Gordon (Ewell's Corps) passes 
through Gettysburg. 

June 28. Kwell's advance troops reach the 
Susquehanna River. Bridge burned. 

June 28. Meade assumes command of the 
Army of the Potomac. 

June 29. Ewell, about to capture Harrisburg, 
recalled to Gettysburg. 

June 29. After dark, Buford discovers ene- 
my's fires on mountain west of Get- 
tysburg. 



June 30. Kilpatrick defeats Stuart at Hano- 
ver (cavalry fight). 

June 30. Buford at 11 a. m., enters Gettys- 
burg and takes position west of 
town. 

JULY I. 

Early morning. For two hours Bu- 
ford' s Cavalry opposes advance of 
enemy. 

10 to II. Reynolds' advance guard (Wads- 

worth's Division) engaged. Rey- 
nolds killed. 

11 to 2. Fighting continues, ist and nth 

Corps take position. 

2 to 5. ist and nth Corps engage with Hill 

and Hwell. 
5 to 6. Sickles' 3rd Corps andSlocum's 12th 

Corps arrive on the field. 
5 to 7. ist and i ith Corps occupy Cemetery 

and Culp's Hill. 

JULY 2. 

Dav/n to 3.30 p. m. No fighting. 

3 p. m. Meade calls his Corps Commanders 

in council of war which is broken 

up by Longst reefs attack upon 

Sickles. 
3.30. Longstreet attacks Sickles' 3rd 

Corps. Fight until dark. 
6. Johnson (Ewell's Corps) carries 

Culp's Hill, east side. 



7. Early (Ewell's Corps) is repulsed on 

East Cemetery Hill. 
Late in day. Gregg's Cavalry takes 
position on right. 

Sundown. Kilpatrick engages 
enemy at Hunterstown. 

July 3- 
Daylight to lo. Slocum's 12th Corps 
recovers Culp's Hill. 
10 to I. No fighting. 

II. a. m. Kilpatrick's Cavalry arrive and 
take position southwest of Round 
Top. 

I p. m. Artillery duel for an hour or more. 

About 3. Longstreet (Pickett, Pettigrew. 
Trimble) assaults Union line at the 
Angle. 

5 p. m. Kilpatrick's Cavalry move against 
Confederate line. Farnsworth killed. 

7 p.m. Federal troops (McCandless) ad- 
vance to the Rose Farm. 
During night Ewell withdraws to 
Seminary Ridge, evacuating town. 

July 4. Lee commences march of his infan- 
try, in retreat, to the Potomac. 

July 7. Lee's Army reaches Potomac River. 

July 14. Confederate army re-crosses the 
Potomac. 

Aug. I. Lee back on the Rappahannock 
River. 



J 8 6 3 



JUNE— JULY 













F 


s 


s 


M 


T 


W 


T 


- 


27 


■28 


29 


30 


1 


2 


h 


' 


5 















Full Moon July I at 1.28 A. M. 
July I, 2 and 3 cleac, warm days, 
niaximam tcmperatare about 90 
dcgtccs, wHh dfcnchinp: rain Sat- 
urday night. 



THE 16TH DECISIVE BATTLE OF 
THE WORLD-GETTYSBURG 

/^^^HE men who fought on the field of 
^<^^ Gettysburg were among the bravest 
iMMtSi that ever faced the cannon's mouth. 
Not even Napoleon's Old Guards were more 
courageous than that column of I^ongstreet's 
men as they came on across the fatal field to 
be torn and mangled b}^ the murderous fire of 
the Union batteries; not even Wellington's 
battalions were more firm in tiie face of a 
charge than Meade's men along the crest of 
Cemetery Ridge on that eventful 3rd of 
July, 1863. 

The Battle of Gettysburg covered the 
American soldier with undying honor. Union- 
ists and Confederates alike may join hands in 
honest pride. It vvas here on the field of Get- 
tysburg, that the life-blood of many brave 
men enriched the underlying soil ; it was here 
that the wounded in their agony looked up in 
prayer to the bending sky ; it was here that 
the bles.sings of a grateful Nation descended 
upon the brows of the living and over the 
bodies of the dead. The love and esteem for 
the brave men Vv^ho fought at Gettysburg will 
remain deep in the hearts of the American 
people when the last granite shaft on the his- 

7 



tolfic field of Gettysburg ahali have crumbled 
to earth. 

Soon fifty years will have passed since the 
1 6th decisive battle of the world was fought. 
Gettysburg was the decisive battle of the War 
of the Rebellion, yet it seems as though we 
are now just beginning to realize how vast 
were its interests, and how mighty were the 
issues imperilled. 

Gettysburg was the greatest battle of mod- 
ern times, and in magnitude compares favora- 
bly with any of the great historic battles of 
the world. It was here that the Rebellion 
reached its high water mark. In nearly all 
the general engagements of the Army of the 
Potomac before that at Gettysburg, the Union 
forces had been defeated, but from that battle 
to the end of the War, in 1865, the Union 
forces were usually victorious. Gettysburg 
was the turning of the tide in favor of the 
Union ; the great victory gained at Gettysburg 
made Appomattox possible. 



jN the Spring of 1863 the War had been 
going on for over two years, and suc- 
4 cess had so frequently attended the Con- 
federates that they decided to extend the War 
into the North. The Capital of Pennsylvania, 
8 



Harrisburg, was the great rendezvous for or- 
ganizing and equipping troops, and the great 
raih'oad center of the North, and so was looked 
upon by the Confederate authorities as second 
in importance, to them, to the Capital of the 
Nation. They believed that if General Lee 
could succeed in penetrating into Pennsylvania 
and capturing Harrisburg, he would have lit- 
tle difficulty in marching his victorious arni)^ 
on to Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washing- 
ton, thus, in a short time, ending the War in 
their favor, and enabling them to extend slav- 
ery throughout the United States. 

The Confederate Gov^ernment had, at that 
time, been encouraged by foreign govern- 
ments to believe that if they could gain a de- 
cisive victory north of Mason and Dixon's 
line, they would receive aid. When Lee in- 
vaded Pennsylvania in 1863, the Capital of 
Pennsylvania was tlie first objective point. 
The last battle fought between the two great 
armies previous to Gctt)-sburg, was the one at 
Chancellorsville, wliere the Union forces were 
badly defeated. It was soon after that battle 
that the victorious Confederate .\riiiy was re- 
organized and consolidaled into three corps. 
The practice of computing number of troops 
in the Confederate x\rmy was diilerent from 
that in the L^nion Army ; they only accounted 
for the men actually present in the ranks and 

9 



doing duty, while the Union army accounted 
daily for all the men whose names appeared 
on the rolls, whether a man was absent in 
some Southern prison pen, or wounded and in 
hospital, or on detached service. A corps of 
Confederate troops was composed of three 
divisions, a division consisted of four brigades, 
and a brigade, as a rule, embraced from 2,000 
to 2,500 men, thus making from 8,000 to 10,- 
000 men to a division. There were three 
corps of infantry in Lee's Army, numbering 
in all from 72,000 to 80,000 men, and adding 
the artillery and cavalry, his forces at Gettys- 
burg were not less than 100,000. 

The First Corps of the Confederate Army 
was commanded by Gen. I.ongstreet, the Sec- 
ond Corps by Gen. Kwell, the Third Corps by 
Gen. A. P. Hill. Now while the Union Army 
consisted of seven corps, these seven corps did 
not contain as many men as the three corps of 
Lee's Army. There was no corps in the 
Union Arni}^ at that time that exceeded 10,000 
men, which was about equivalent to a division 
in the Confederate Army. Tlie First Corps 
of the Union Army was commanded by Gen. 
John F. Reynolds, the Second Corps by Gen. 
W. S. Hancock, the Third Corps by Gen. 
D. E. Sickles, the Fiftli Corps ])y Gen. George 
Sykes, the Sixth Corps by Gen. John Sedg- 
wick, the Eleventh Corps by Gen. O. O. 

10 



Howard, the Twelfth' Corps by Gen. H. W, 
Slocum. These were the seven corps that con- 
stituted the Army of the Potomac at Gettys- 
burg, and inchiding the cavalry and artillery, 
the Union forces did not exceed 90,000 men. 
Such was the strength of the two mighty 
armies. 

^^^^^^^^^ 

^>®T was in the early part of June that Gen. 
''f^^h I/GC began his movement to invade the 
^S^ North. He sent a portion of the Sec- 
ond Corps, (Ewell's) across the Blue Ridge 
Mountains into the I^uray and Shenandoah 
vallej^s of Virginia, and after numerous skir- 
mishes with our cavalry, which he drove back, 
he finally reached Winchester, Va., where in 
a few days, he was successful in defeating and 
routing the Union forces under Gen. Milroy. 
Then Gen. Lee immediately brought forward 
the balance of his army, concentrating the 
same at Winchester, after which he took up 
his line of march for Pennsylvania, moving in 
the direction of Williamsport, where the major 
portion of his army crossed the Potomac River 
into Maryland. He left behind him in Vir- 
ginia, Gen. J. K. B. Stuart with 12,000 cav- 
alry, instructing him to keep constant and 
faithful watch of Gen. Hooker's Union Army 

n 



and prevent him from following in pursuit. 
Such were the duties Lee assigned to Stuart 
and his cavalry. Stuart was noted for several 
successful raids around the Union Army, and 
Lee expected liim to perform that duty again. 
We will novv^ leave Stuart's Cavalry in the vi- 
cinity of Winchester, Va., and follow Lee's 
Army on to Gettysburg. 

Lee succeeded in getting the last of his 
forces across the Potomac River on the 24th 
day of June, after which he concentrated his 
army at Hagerstown, in Maryland, six miles 
from the Potomac River and seventy- four 
miles from Ilarrisburg, which was an object- 
ive point. Gen. Lee met with no opposition 
from the time he crossed the Potomac River, 
as there was nothing in his front to interfere 
\vith his onward march except one company 
of cavalry (Company C, First N. Y. Cavalry, 
commanded by Captain Wm H. Boyd, who 
afterwards became Colonel of the 21st Pa. Cav- 
alry for gallant services rendered in the Get- 
tysburg campaign) which contested every 
mile of the way from the Potomac River down 
to Carlisle. It was of this company that the 
iir.st soldier was killed on Pennsylvania soil 
during the War of the Rebellion — Corporal 
Reil, who fell at Greencastle, on the 22nd day 
of June, 1863. 

Lee moved the main part of his army to 
12 



Marrisburg, by the Cumberland Valley, 
namely : through Greencastle, Chambersburg, 
Shippensburg, Newville, Carlisle and Mechan- 
icsburg and thence to the Susquehanna River 
to a point across the river from Harrisburg, 
gathering in the Cumberland Valley, all kinds 
of stock, provisions, etc., that were necessary 
for the use of an army, sending the same back 
to Virginia by wagon train, and, at the same 
time, raising all the money possible by assess- 
ing the v^arious towns that they passed through 
for large sums, under a threat, "Pay this 
money or I will lay the town in ashes," 

While the main column of Lee's Army, on 
its way to Harrisburg, was doing this in the 
Cumberland Valley, Lee arranged that one 
portion of his command should move eastward 
and across the South Mountains, over into 
the Susquehanna Valley and do likev/ise. 
This was to go by the way of Gettysburg, 
thence to York twenty-eight miles north-east, 
thence to Wrightsville twelve miles northwest 
of York, and there across the Susquehanna 
River by the Columbia bridge, destroy the 
same, and tear up and destroy the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad at Columbia, to move up the 
north side of the Susquehanna River tlirough 
Marietta, Middletown and Steelton, thence to 
Harrisburg, and there form a junction with 



13 



the main column which was to reach there di- 
rect by the Cumberland Valley. 

When the main army of Gen. Lee's reached 
Marion's Station, vsix miles from Chambers- 
burg, he detached Gen. Early's Division with 
the instruction for it to move on this circuit- 
ous route. Karly crossed the mountains on 
the Chambersburg Pike, and, by a forced 
march, was enabled to reach Gettysburg on 
the 26th day of June. He immediately as- 
sessed the town for $10,000 in cash and for 
provisions of all kinds in proportion, in which 
he even included several barrels of sauer kraut 
although sauer kraut v/as a little out of sea- 
son. All provisions, as a rule, had been 
sent away or concealed in advance of the 
enemy, and "cash" did not appear to be very 
plentiful that day. Sufficient to say, the order 
was not complied with, after being notified by 
Chief Burgess Kendlehart that it was impossi- 
ble to comply with the demand. 

Early moved from Gettysburg to York, 
where he was much more successful, 
York being a much larger town and 
his demands being greater. He demanded of 
them $100,000 in cash, with other goods in 
proportion. I cannot say definitely as to the 
exact amount of money that Early received at 
that time, but I can truthfully say that Gen. 
Early stated, years afterwards, that the town 

14 



of York, Pa., still owed him a balance of $28,- 
000, so he must have got, at that time, about 
$72,000. It is known that he gathered a vast 
amount of provisions of all kinds and Secured 
numerous horses and cattle. Early then ad- 
vanced up to Wrightsville, reaching there in 
due time, and having met with no obstruc- 
tions, at once prepared to cross the river, as 
per instructions from Gen. Lee, when a vScout 
brought the news from Gen. Lee not to cross 
the Susquehanna river, but to fall back at 
once, by the same route he had gone, and con- 
centrate his forces in the vicinity of Gettys- 
burg, where he would fmd the main army. 

In the meantime, the Army of Gen. Lee 
had passed down the Cumberland Valley. 
Jenkins' cavalry, which was the eyes of Lee's 
army, being in advance, occupied the country 
from Mechanicsburg to Bridgeport on the 
Susquehanna river, opposite Harrisburg. 
Mechanicsburg is not far distant, only eight 
miles from Harrisburg. Rodes' and John- 
son's divisions of Ewell's Corps were encamped 
in the vicinity of Carlisle, eighteen miles from 
Harrisburg. Gen. A. P. HiU's Corps was en- 
camped at Nev/ville and Shippensburg and 
Longstreet's Corps at Cliambersburg, vvliich 
is fifty-two miles from Harrisburg and just 
twenty-five miles west of Gett3^sburg. 

It is while Gen. Lee's army was stretched 

15 



down the Cnmbeiiand Valley, from Chanibers- 
biirg to vSusqiiehanna river, with one wing 
thirty miles east of Gettysburg ; namely, 
Early's Division, that the scout brought the 
news to Lee at Chambersburg that the old 
Army of the Potomac had crossed the Poto- 
mac and is in pursuit. Then it was that Lee 
learned that Stuart had not been successful in 
baffling Hooker's Army, that Gen. Hooker 
had out-generaled Stuart and cut him off from 
Lee'scommand entirely ; that the Union Army 
had crossed the Potomac lower down than 
Lee had done; namely east of the South 
Mountain at Point of Rocks, Nolan's Ferry 
and Edward's Ferry. The head-quarters of 
the Union Army were, after crossing the Po- 
tomac established by Gen. Hooker at Fred- 
erick City, Maryland, thirty-two miles south 
of Gettj^sburg. This movement compelled 
Lee to abandon the attack on the Capital of 
Pennsylvania and concentrate his army, which 
was spread out like a fan. 

Lee was compelled to do tliis for two rea- 
sons; the first of which v/as the Cumberland 
Valley is a narrow valle}^ walled with moun- 
tains on each side and with but a few passes 
and Gen. Lee did not wish his army to be 
caught in that narrow valley ; the second 
reason was, Gen. Lee could not afford to have 
one wing of his army fifty odd miles east of 

i6 



(D 2 c; 

r-^ rt- ce 

O C o" 

^ ^ = 






Q-d^ 



-I - SO 

•5 c_ 

CD 



^£ 



s' '^ ;:: 

p-Jq Crq 



fD •-: w ;o 
i-s^ O (t> o 

ffi ■ c 



s- ft) 



=r oc -1 ,^ 



c 



- 2 






ft p 



c p- ^ m 



I— ' V-J )_l 

l-C H-» O 






c- 
crq 



■ c II, 



O C fD 
0-* 




G 
D 

-^ o 

■^ X3 

• r 

X t-H 

.S > 

^ O 
- ^J 

z dd 
;: K> 

^ m 

r a 

f H 

■' 00 
IXl 

G 
W 
O 



him and the main column in the valley west 
of the South Mountain, while the Union Army 
was marching up the center, as the Union 
Army would have cut Lee's Army in two, so 
Gen. Lee was compelled to forego the attack 
on the Capital and gather his army together. 
Had the Union Army been a few hours later 
in reaching Frederick City, Maryland, the 
Capital of Pennsylvania would either hav^e 
been burned or compelled to pay a heavy 
money assessment to the Confederate Govern- 
ment. 

Gen. Early, having been advised not to 
cross the Susquehanna River, but to move 
back quickly by the same route he had gone, 
moved back from Wrightsville. On the even- 
ing of the 30th of June he reached East Berlin 
on the York Pike, which was fifteen miles 
northeast of Gettysburg, and there he en- 
camped for the night, with his four brigades, 
Gordon's, Hays', Smith's and Hoke's. 

Gen. Rodes' Division of E well's Corps was 
ordered from Carlisle through Mt. Holly Gap. 
He crossed the South Mountain and reaching 
the town of Heidlersburg on the Harrisburg 
Road, ten miles north of Gettysburg, en- 
camped there with his five brigades, as fol- 
lows: Daniel's, Iverson's, O'Neal's, Ramseur's 
and Doles'. 

Gen. Pender's Division of Hill's Corps was 

17 



sent from the vicinity of Newville, by way of 
Pine Grove Furnace, on the Newville and 
Mummasburg Road, and reached a point on 
the latter ten miles northwest of Gettysburg. 
He stopped here for the night, with his four 
brigades: Thomas', Lane's, vScales', and 
McGowan's. 

Gen. Harry Hetli's Division of Hill's 
Corps was ordered over the mountain by the 
Chambersburg Pike, and on reaching the base 
of the mountain at Cashtown, eight miles 
wCvSt of Gettysburg, bivouaced there for the 
night, with his four brigades : Archer's, 
Davis', Brockenbrough's and Pettigrew's. 

Johnson's Division of Ewell's Corps was 
moved up the Cumberland Valley to Ship- 
pensburg, thence eastward across the country 
to Fayetteville on the Chambersburg Pike 
eighteen miles west of Gettysburg, where he 
halted for the night with his four brigades, 
namely : Jones', Williams', Walker's and 
Steuart's. 

Longstreet's Corps was at Chambersburg 
and vicinity, namely, three divisions of Hood, 
Mclyaw and Pickett. 

Gen. lyce himself was at Chambersburg. 

It will be observed now that the Confederate 
Army on the evening of the 30th of June was 
located as follows : Early's Division fifteen 
miles northeast of Gettysburg ; Rodes' ten 

>8 



miles north ; Pender's ten miles northwest ; 
Heth's eight miles west ; then a continuous 
line of troops west over the mountain to 
Chambersburg twenty-five miles away, thus 
covering a country of from thirty-five to forty 
miles in width, with the advance of Hill's 
Corps of lyee's Army not over five miles west 
of Gettysburg, on the Chambersburg Pike. 

On the 27th day of June, Gen. Hooker re- 
signed command of the Union Army at Fred- 
erick City, Md., for good and just reasons. 
I will state these reasons, it is simply histor}^ 
At that time there were 10,000 Union 
troops at Harper's Ferry under command of 
Gen. French, whose division had formerly be- 
longed to the Army of the Potomac. Gen. 
Halleck, commander-in-chief at Washington, 
D. C, had detached these men, and Hooker 
no longer had control of them. Gen. Hooker 
knew by actual count through his scouts, at 
the various fordings where I^ee's Army 
crossed, the strength of lyce's Army. Hooker 
knew that lyce outnumbered him ; and that 
lie needed. French's troops, and that they 
were no good at Harper's Ferry while the 
enemy was in Pennsylvania, but Gen. Halleck 
refused to allow Hooker the use of them and 
finally telegraphed him at Frederick City, 
Md., saying that Harper's Ferry was the key 



19 



to the Shenandoah Valley, and that troops 
there could not be spared. 

It is stated on good authority, that when 
Gen. Hooker received this message, he said a 
little of everything but his prayers, and 
finally dictated the following reply, "Say to 
Gen. Halleck, if Harper's Ferry is the key to 
the Shenandoah Valley, the lock is broken 
and of what good is the key ? If I can not 
have those troops, appoint my successor. ' ' 

Suffice it to say, Gen. Hooker's successor 
appeared the next morning, the 28th day of 
June, in the form of Gen. Meade, and on the 
30th day of June, Gen. Meade advanced head- 
quarters from Frederick City, Md., to Taney- 
town, Md., thirteen miles south of Gettys- 
burg. Two miles south of Taney town, at a 
place called Pipe Creek Heights, the engineers 
surveyed the ground and made all prepara- 
tions to receive a general battle. As regards 
the battle of Gettysburg, it was a mere acci- 
dent, and not a premeditated affair by either 
commander. It was a question of two great 
armies marching toward each other, and a 
matter of time only as to when and where 
they would come together. Gen. Meade had 
good reasons to expect battle fifteen miles 
south of Gettysburg, It is to be noted that 
Gen. Lee had gone by, and beyond, Gettys- 
burg, and was returning, gathering his army 

20 




GENERAL MEADE.— Equestrian Statue. 



together, and moving south vVard. Oar Union 
Army was being gathered together and mov- 
ing northward and just the reverse from what 
would be supposed, the Confederate Army 
was moving southward in Pennsylvania while 
the Union Army was moving northward when 
they met at Gettysburg. 

Washington, the Capital of the Nation, is 
only sev^enty-fiv^e miles south of Gettysburg. 
It was believed at that time at Washington; 
that Lee was moving to the Capital and such 
was also the belief of Gen. Meade and stall. 
At that period of the war, it was impressed 
upon the Commanders of the Union Army 
that it was their duty to keep their troops 
between the enemy and the Capital of our 
Nation, and that rule held good until Gen. 
Grant assumed command of all the Union 
armies. It never seemed to make any differ- 
ence to Gen. Grant where the enemy was, but 
Gen. Meade had to keep between I^ee's army 
and Washington and so was expected to make 
battle fifteen miles south of Gettysburg. On 
June 30th Gen. Meade sent Gen. Reynolds, 
who was commanding the left wing of our 
army, forward on a reconnoissance, with in- 
structions to find the enemy, bring on an en- 
gagement, fall back to Pipe Creek Heights 
and draw the enemy on. Such were his in- 
structions. Gen. Reynolds moved so rapidly 

21 



that a portion of his command reached Get- 
tysburg on the evening of the 30th of June, 
viz : Buford's DivivSion of cavalr}^ the two 
brigades of Gamble and Devin. Gen. Buford 
rode through the town and out the Chanibers- 
burg Pike, one mile west of the town, en- 
camped for the night and picketed all roads 
approaching Gettysburg. Gamble's Brigade, 
the 8th 111., i2th 111., 3rd Ind., 8th N. Y., 
occupied the Chambersburg Pike, while 
Devin's Brigade, 17th Pa., 9th N. Y., 6th N. 
Y., 3rd W. Va., occupied the Mummasburg 
Poad. 

The left wing of the Union Army consisted 
of the First, Third and Eleventh Corps of in- 
fantry and Buford's Division of cavalry. Gen. 
Reynolds advanced the First Corps to Marsh 
Creek, five miles south of Gettysburg, and 
the Third and Eleventh Corps to Emmitsburg, 
ten miles .south of Getty.sburg. In the even- 
ing Gen. Meade sent the Fifth Army Corps 
eastward to Hanover, fourteen miles south- 
east of Gettysburg, and during the night the 
Twelfth Corps was advanced up the Baltimore 
Pike to the vicinity of Littlestown, ten miles 
south of Gettysburg. The Second Corps was 
near Uniontown, Md., while the vSixth Army 
Corps was down below Manchester, not far 
from Baltimore. So it is to be observed that the 
advance only of the Union Army was covering 

22 



a country iu width from twenty-five to tliirty 
miles, namely, from Hanover, fourteen miles 
southeast, Vv-est to I^ittlestown, ten miles 
south, thence westward to Emmitsburg, ten 
miles southwest, thence northward to Marsh 
Creek, five miles south, thence to Gettysburg. 
Such were the movements of the troops of 
both armies en route to Gettysburg, and such 
their general positions the night before the 
battle began. 



m m m m m m m m m 

/^^JllU Battle of Gettysburtr conunenced 
^jV^ early Wednesday morning, July ist. 
mA'i) on the Chambersburg Pike, one and 
one-half miles west of the town, between Gam- 
ble's Brigade of cavalry of the Union Army 
and Gen. Ileth's Division of infantry of Hill's 
Corps of Lee's Army. Our cavalry were dis- 
mounted, and that led the enemy to believe 
they had met our infantry, and, owing to the 
stubborn resistancii that was made, caused 
them to believe that there was a large force in 
their front. General Buford established 
his headquarters in the cupola of the Lutheran 
Theological Seminary building, where he 
could view the movements of the troops of 
both armies, and so skillfully did he maneuver 
our small force of dismounted cavalry, that he 

23 



caused the enemy to delay until they could get 
their artillery up in position and, in fact, go 
through all the preliminary movements of a 
general battle. In the meantime, the skir- 
mish-line fire increased rapidly, and soon be- 
came a regular volley. 

Al>out 9 o'clock in the morning, Gen. Rey- 
nolds arrived by the Emmitsburg Road from 
the south, a mile and a half in advance of his 
corps He rode rapidly through the town and 
out the Chambersburg Pike to the Seminary 
building and there interviewed Gen. Buford. 
Then it was that the eagle eye of Reynolds 
took in the situation at a single glance ; he 
sent word by courier back to Gen. Meade at 
Tar.eytown, thirteen miles south of Gettys- 
burg, that the heights of Gettysburg were the 
place to fight. This was approved by each 
corps commander as he arrived, and finally by 
Gen. Meade. 

Gen, Reynolds instructed Buford to hold 
the Cliambersburg Pike at all hazards, until 
such time as he could reinforce him. Gen. 
Reynolds had realized at this time, that the 
enemy was there in force, and it was only a 
question of time as to how long he could hold 
them in check, but he knew the longer he 
could baffie the enemy, the nearer the Army of 
the Potomac Vv^ould get, and at the same time 
he knew that the time would come when he 

24 




OENERAi, UEYNoi.Ds.— KcjuestrJau statue. 



Would have to fall back, hence he saw and 
knew the importance of fortifying East Ceme- 
tery Ptill, south of the town, and while on his 
way south through the town in pursuit of 
troops, he instructed his staff that as soon as 
troops could be spared they mnst be placed on 
Cemetery Hill. 

He rode out the Enimitsburg road a short 
distance, when he met the First Division of 
his own First Corps, Gen. Wadsworth's Di- 
vision of two brigades. He at once turned 
them westward toward Seminary Ridge, dou- 
ble-quicking them across the field, thence 
along the ridge under cover of same, north to 
the pike, thence west to the second ridge, 
which runs parallel with Seminary Ridge. 
The First Brigade turning south, and the Sec- 
ond brigade north from the pike. The Second 
Brigade under command of Gen, Cutler, 56th 
Pa., 76th N. Y., 95th N. Y., 147th N. Y. and 
14th Brooklyn, (the 7th Ind. being back with 
wagon train) was moved north across the old 
railroad cut and relieved the cavalry, vi^hich 
was then remounted and moved further to the 
right, to Rock Creek. Cutler's Brigade be- 
came heavily engaged all along their entire 
front. Hall's Maine Battery and Califs Bat- 
tery A, 2nd U. S., are stationed on either side 
of the pike, near the McPherson buildings. 
The First Brigade under connnand of Gen. 

25 



Meredith, known as the Old Iron Brigade, 
Was formed in line on the east side of the Mc- 
pherson woods, 2nd Wis., 6tli Wis., 7th Wis., 
19th Ind. and 24th Mich. It is then that Gen. 
Donbleday reached the front. Doubleday was 
the commander of the Third Division, First 
Corps, bnt on the first of July was in com- 
mand of the First Corps, Reynolds liriving the 
left wing of the army. When Gon. Donl>le- 
day left the pike to ride over to the McPher- 
son woods to report to Gen. Reynolds, he saw 
a column of Confederate troops coming in the 
pike from toward the mountain, less than one 
mile distant. Our batteries opened fire upon 
them and soon drove them from the pike. They 
double-quicked acro.ss the fields towards the 
McPherson woods, seeking shelter in the same 
piece of timber occupied by Reynolds with the 
Iron Brigade. The troops proved to be 
Archer's Brigade of Heth's Division, Hill's 
Corps, Lee's Army. As thej^ entered the far 
side of the timber, the Iron Brigade of our 
army was moved forward, westward, on the 
south .side of the woods, and owing to the con- 
tour of the ground, Archer could not see this 
movement. As Archer entered the woods our 
Iron Brigade advanced westward across Wil- 
loughb}' Run, and wheeling right, came up in 
the rear of Archer's Brigade. Other troops 
charging in front Archer's Brigade reached 
26 



the center of the grove, and Archer was com- 
pelled to surrender. His men were quickly 
filed back to our rear, Gen. Archer being 
taken direct to Doubleday, who saluted him, 
saying, ''General, I am glad to see yon." 
Archer replied, "I am not a damned bit glad 
to see you, sir." No doubt both tokl the 
truth. 

In the meantime one of the saddest affairs 
of the day had occurred. Gen. Reynolds, while 
sitting on his horse at the edge of McPherson's 
woods, on the east side, looking anxiously 
back for more troops, was killed a few minutes 
past ten o'clock. A ball passed in one side of 
his head and came out on the other. He ftll 
from his horse, never spoke, and died in- 
stantly. 

Gen. Doubleday then a.ssumed command of 
all the troops, for the time being. It is at that 
time that Davis' Mississippi Brigade charges 
down from the north on the right flank of 
Cutler's Brigade and drives the same back, 
doubling up the line and capturing a portion 
of the 147th N. Y. Regiment. Col. Fowler of 
the 14th Brooklyn and 95th N. Y., rallied the 
men on the south side of the Chambersburg 
Pike. Doubleday sent him the 6tli Wis. Reg- 
iment that had been held in reserve, and they 
charged back to the old Railroad Cut, re-cap- 
turing the men of the 147th N. Y. Regiment 

27 



and driving Davis' Mississippi Brigade intotlie 
Railroad Cut, where the main portion surren- 
dered The Second Division having now 
reached the front, Gen. Robinson with two 
brigades, commanded by Paul and Baxter, 
were ordered northward to extend the line. 
Gen. Paul had scarcely reached the front when 
he was shot through both eyes, j'et he lived 
many years. Gen. Paul's Brigade, 107th Pa., 
i6th Me., 13th Mass., 94th N. Y., 104th N. 
Y.; Baxter's Brigade, nth Pa,, 88th Pa., 90th 
Pa., 83rd N. Y., 97th N. Y. and 12th Mass. 
These two brigades were, ordered hurriedly 
northward toward the Munuuasburg Road to 
prevent the Confederates from turning our 
right flank. They reached the Mummasburg 
Road just in time to charge and capture the 
greater portion of Iverson's Brigade, Rodes' 
Division of Ewell's Corps that had come in 
from the north. 

In the meantime all has not been victorious 
with us by any means. Our losses have been 
exceedingly heavy from the beginning, and 
now our batteries on the Chambersburg Pike 
are in great danger, tv/o guns of Hall's had 
been captured, and the enemy has been heav- 
ily reinforced and advanced rapidly, out- 
numberine: our forces four to one. At this 
point the Third Division, Doubleday's proper, 
reaches the front. The First Brigade under 

28 



•#^ 




MAJOp-GENERAL ABNER DOUBLEDAY. 







COL. H. S. HlJDEKOPKl^ 




:maj.-(;ex. .tames s. wadswohtji. 




.ii¥ 






MAJ.-GEN. S. W. CRAWFORD. BRIG.-GEN. LA^taIOR^^E WIST; 



command of Col. Biddle is sent southward to 
extend the hne in that direction and prevent 
the enemy from flanking on our left flank. 
The i2i.st Pa., i43nd Pa., 151st Pa. and the 
80th N. Y. compose this brigade. They lost 
nearly one-half of their number. The 151st 
Pa. on the right of the brigade, near McPher- 
son's woods, charged with 446 men and lost 
322, adding 15 commissioned officers, making 
a total of 337 out of 446, in less than 20 min- 
utes time. This regiment lost more men at 
(Gettysburg in the First Day's Battle, July ist, 
than the whole United States army did in bat- 
tle in the Spanish War. 

The Second Brigade, under command of 
Col. Roy Stone, was known as the Bucktail 
Brigade. This was a new brigade and its 
first severe engagement, 143rd Pa., 149th Pa. 
and 150th Pa. The 150th lost a few men at 
Chancellorsville, Va. They were ordered 
to charge out the Chambersburg Pike and 
save our guns. This was an arduous task, as 
when they readied the McPherson buildings, 
Pegram's five batteries and Garnet's and Mc- 
intosh's eight batteries, west of Willoughby 
Run, and Carter's four batteries, 18 guns, on 
Oak Hill on the north, opened on them, and 
for more than an hour these instruments of 
death poured shot and shell upon every seen 
or imagined position of these men. Not a 

29 



regiment escaped without heavy loss. After 
desperate fighting and numerous charges, fre- 
quently changing front while both advancing 
and retreating, they succeeded in getting our 
guns back within our lines ; but out of less 
than 1 200 they lost 853 in killed, wounded 
and captured in a short space of time. Col. 
Roy Stone, brigade commander, fell early in 
the afternoon. Col. Wister then assumed 
command of the brigade and in a short time 
was shot through the mouth and unable to 
give another command. 

Sergt. Benj. H. Crippen, the color bearer 
of the 143rd Pa. refused to fall back with the 
colors of his regiment when they were com- 
pelled to yield their ground. He stood 
alone with the colors in one hand, shook 
the list of the other at the enem}^ and in that 
position was killed. Col. Fremantle, a British 
officer on the staff of Lee, was an eye witness 
to this affair, and made the remark that, "it 
was a shame to kill such a brave Yankee." 

Colonel H. S. Iluidekoper of the 150th Pa., 
was shot in the leg, in front of the McPlier- 
son house, and fell to the ground, but finding 
no bone broken, resumed the leadership of his 
men until they had gallantly repulsed seven 
separate charges, of sometimes Hill's troops 
on the west, or Daniel's men on the north. 
Late in the fight, he, however, was put out of 

30 



the battle, but not, as the Official Records iil 
Washington state, until he had had his arm 
bound up (which was amputated two hours 
later) and had returned to his regiment and 
given further commands as to its movements. 
Gen. Doubleday states that the McPherson 
Farm was the key to the field in the First 
Day's Fight, and, as one of the illustrations 
of this book, will be found a copy of an oil 
painting of the contest at the most critical 
moment of the fight. 

In the meantime Doubleday falls back to 
Seminary Ridge proper, extends his line 
northward to and across the Mummasburg 
Road and refuses his right, extends the line 
southward to Hagerstown Road and refuses 
his left flank. Notwithstanding Doubleday 
had a long line of battle and a thin line of 
troops to hold the same, yet he maintained 
possession of Seminary Ridge for several 
hours thereafter against great odds. 

About I o'clock in the afternoon Gen. How- 
ard arrived with two divisions of the Eleventh 
Corps. Being ranking ofiicer, he assumed 
command of all the troops for the time being. 
General Carl Schurz assumes command of the 
Eleventh Corps, and with the First Division 
and the Third is ordered forward rapidly, 
northward, through the town, and instructed 
by Gen. Howard to form on the right of First 

31 



(jorps and prolong the battle line north on 
Seminary Ridge and Oak Ridge. But when 
the Eleventh Corps troops reached a point 
about a mile north of Gettysburg, they were 
attacked by Ewell's Corps of I^ee's Army and 
could get no further. 

That left the Eleventh Army Corps formed 
at right angles with the First Corps, the right 
resting on Rock Creek, on the Harrisburg 
Road, a half mile north of the County Alms 
House, Gen. Barlow's First Division on the 
right, Col. Von Gilsa's Brigade on the right 
of the division, 41st N. Y., 54th N. Y., 68th 
N. Y., and 153rd Pa.; Gen. Ames' Brigade 
on the left, 17th Conn., 25th O., 75th O., 
107th O. The Third Division, which is now 
in command of Gen. Schimmelfennig, . the 
Second Brigade commanded by Col. Krzyzan- 
owski, on the right of the division, 58tli N. 
Y., 119th N. Y., 82nd O., 75th Pa. and 26th 
Wis., with Col. Von Amsberg's First Brigade 
on the left, 74th Pa., 6ist O., 82nd 111., 45th 
N. Y., 157th N. Y. The Eleventh Corps line 
was supported by Wheeler's N. Y., Dilger's 
O., Heckman's O., and Wilkeson's 4th U. vS. 
Batteries. The Eleventh Army Corps is a 
mile north of Gettysburg and is facing north ; 
the First Corps on Seminary Ridge is a mile 
west of Gettysburg and facing west, but the 
Eleventh Army Corps does not extend far 

32 





GENEKAi. HANCOCK.— Equestrian iStatue. 



enough westward to connect with the First 
Corps Hue. A vacant space of nearly half a 
mile existed, which the enemy soon discovered 
and took advantage of. 

In the meantime the Second Division, Elev- 
enth Corps has arrived and is placed by 
Gen. Pfoward on Cemetery Hill, south of the 
town, where they immediately throw up earth- 
works, which still remain well preserved at 
this late day. It is now evening and less than 
ten thousand men of the Union Army are con- 
tending against forty odd thousand of Lee's 
Army. We had been contending against 
great odds since early in the morning, but the 
time had come when our men were compelled 
to yield their ground, though they did it re- 
luctantly. Steinwehr's Division on Cemetery 
Hill, cojisisting of two brigades as follows : 
First Brigade, Col Coster, 134th N. Y., 154th 
N. Y., 27th Pa., and 73rd Pa.; the Second 
Brigade, Col. vSmith, 33rd Mass., 136th N. Y., 
55th O., 73rd O., are now called on to rein- 
force the Eleventh Corps. At that moment a 
portion of Coster's Brigade is ordered forward, 
the 27th and 73rd Pa., but on reaching the 
north side of the town they m^et the enemy in 
force and could not reach their destination. 

Then it is that Gen. Slocum, commander of 
the right wing of the Union Army, moves for- 
ward his own corps, (the Twelfth Corps 

33 



proper) and like Napoleon of old, not waiting 
for marching orders, marches to the sound of 
guns. Two miles southeast of Gettysburg he 
leaves the Balthnore Pike and moves hurriedly 
over the hills east of Gettysburg, but before 
he can reach the front the retreat takes place. 

It will be remembered that Early was on the 
York road the night before. When he reached 
an elevation iu sight of the battlefield he de- 
tached two brigades, Gordon's and Hays' and 
sent them hurriedly across the field westward, 
placing Gen. Gordon in front of the right of 
the Eleventh Corps line and Hays' Brigade on 
the east bank of Rock Creek, on right flank of 
Eleventh Corps, while the other two brigades, 
Smith's and Hoke's, continued on the York 
Pike into Gettysburg. 

Two brigades of the enemy are in the town, 
in the rear of the Eleventh Army Corps. That 
is, between Stein wehr's Division on Cemetery 
Hill, south of the town and the Eleventh 
Army Corps north of the town, in the town 
proper, are two brigades of the enemy. Placed 
in front of Gen. Barlow's Divivsion the right of 
Gordon's Brigade joined on the left of Rodes' 
Division, the ricfht of Rodes' joined on the left 
of Pender's Division, the right of Pender's 
joined the left of Heth's, and Heth's right 
rested on the Hagcrstown road, one and one- 
half miles southwest of Gettysburg. Neither 

34 



of these four divisions of the enemy contained 
less than 10,000 men. The Union men are 
ahnost surrounded, ahnost encircled. They 
attempt to fall back. 

Gen. Barlow was wounded and left on the 
field for dead. When Gen. Gordon of Georgia, 
charged across Rock Creek and reached the 
summit of the knoll, which is known today as 
"Barlow's Knoll," he observed an officer of 
high rank lying on the ground. He dis- 
mounted from his horse and finding the officer 
was Gen. Barlow, asked if he could do any- 
thing for him. Gen. Barlow said, "No, I 
have but a short time to live, but I would like 
to see my wife before I die." Gen. Gordon 
vSaid, "Sir, if possible I may communicate 
through your lines," and remounting fol- 
lowed his troops. Sufficient to say that same 
night Mrs. Barlow, who was staying at the 
Eleyenth Corps headquarters on Cemetery 
Hill, received information through a flag of 
truce. She was sent out through the Union 
lines and entered the lines of the Confederate 
Army, found her husband lying on the field, 
still alive, had him removed across Rock Creek 
to Bender's house, a short distance away, 
where, after long and careful nursing he re- 
covered. Twenty years after the battle Gen. 
Gordon and Gen. Barlow met at a banquet in 
Washington, D. C, and when Gen. Barlow 

35 



was introduced to Gen. Gordon the latter asked, 
"Are you any relation to tlie Gen. Barlow who 
was killed at Gettysburg?" Gen. Barlow 
said, "Yes, I am the man. Are you any rela- 
tion to the Gen . Gordon who was killed ?' ' 
Up to that time both thought the other dead. 
Gen. Gordon was under the impression that 
Gen. Barlow had died soon after he left him, 
or soon after the battle of Gettysburg, and 
there was a Gen. Gordon of the Confederate 
Army killed, so each thought the other dead. 
Gen. Ames had taken command of Barlow's 
Divisioii. They attempted to withdraw, but 
the men, hard pressed by the enemy, became 
confused and finally gave way. The First 
Corps was also being out-flanked, and soon both 
corps were forced back in some disorder into the 
town from north and west, only to be received 
on the points of bayonets of Smith's and 
Hoke's Brigades of Early's Division, that 
entered the town from the east by the 
York pike. In a short time we lose nearly 
two thousand prisoners in the town, where 
they literally murdered our men, shooting them 
down in the streets and alleys, showing them 
no mercy. They actually murdered the Pres- 
byterian chaplain, Howell, of the 90th Penn'a. 
Vols., at the foot of Christ Church steps on 
Chambersburg .street, near the Eagle Hotel. 
Those that could made their way back through 

36 



the town and aroiitid the town, draj^ging their 
guns by the prolong, on back to Cemetery 
Hill, where they look refuge behind the works 
of Stein wehr's Division. 

Thus ended the Frst Day's Battle, in defeat. 
We had been driven from Seminary Ridge, 
driven from all the ground fought over that 
day, and driven from the town, leaving the 
enemy in possession of all ground fought over 
that day and in possession of Gettysburg. But 
worse than all, we had been compelled to al- 
low our dead and wounded to fall into the 
hands of tlie enemy. They stripped our dead 
of their uniforms, so that when they came to 
be interred nothing remained to identify them, 
as to name, regiment or stale. The 979 "un- 
known" soldiers, who sleep in the city of the 
dead on Cemetery Hill, came Irom the First 
Day's Battle, 979 men who died in defense of 
their country without a name. So you will 
observe that the First Day's Battle was greatly 
against the Union Army. 

The Union losses Ihe First Day were. Cut- 
ler's Brigade 965, Meredith's Brigade 1152, 
Stone's Brigade 853, Biddle's Brigade S97, 
Baxter's Brigade 660, Paul's Brigade 1029. 
In the artillery supporting the First Corps, 
Hall's Me. Battery, Stevens' Me. Battery, 
Reynolds' N. Y. Battery, Cooper's Pa. Bat- 
tery, Stewart's U. S. Battery, 105 ; Eleventh 

37 



Corps losses, Von Amsberg's Brigade 806, 
Krzyzanowski's Brigade 679, Von GiL-a's 
Brigade 313, Ames' Brigade 778, Coster's Bri- 
gade 563 ; Eleventh Corps Artillery, Wheel- 
er's N. Y. Battery, Dilger's O. Battery, Heck- 
man's O. Battery, Wilkeson's U. S. Battery, 
56; Cavalry, Gamble's Brigade iii, Devin's 
Brigade 28. The Union loss the first day of 
the battle in the two corps, killed, wounded 
captured and missing, was 8,955. 

There being no reliable or official data i:>er- 
taining to the strength or losses of the Con- 
federate Army, I deem it best not to quote 
said reports, as the Confederates have always 
endeavored to keep down the strength of their 
armies and casualties at Gettysburg. The 
best evidence of this is the following order : 
"Gen. Lee's Order No. 63. 

Headquarters of the Army of Northern 
Virginia, Ma}^ 14th, 1863. 

The practice which prevails in the army of 
including in the list of casualties those cases of 
slight injuries, which do not incapacitate the 
recipients for duty, is calculated to mislead our 
friends and encourage our enemies by giving 
false impression as to the extent of our losses. 
The loss sustained by brigade or regiment is 
by no means an indication of the services per- 
formed or the perils encountered, as experience 
shows that those who attack rapidly, vigor- 

38 



ousiy and eSectually, generally suffer the least. 
It is therefore ordered that in the future the 
reports of the wounded shall include only those 
whose injuries, in the opinion of the medical 
ofncers, render them unfit for duty. It has 
also been observed that the published reports 
of casualties are in some instances accompan- 
ied by a statement of the number of men taken 
in the action. The Commanding General 
deems it unnecessary to do more than direct 
the attention of the Officers to the impropriety 
of thus furnisliing the enemy with the means 
of computing our strength, in order to insure 
the immediate suppression of this pernicious 
and useless custom. 

By command of General Lee, 

\V. H. Taylor, Ass. Adjt Gen." 

It is to l)e regretted that this policy of un- ^ 
derstating the losses on the Confederate side 
was pursued, and that they could not be given 
vv'itli exactness, for it v/ould not only be inter- 
esting but a fitting tribute to the bravery of 
the troops. 

The twenty-eight regiments of the First 
Corps engaged in the First Day's Battle was 
opposed by the forty-eight regiments of the 
Confederate Army, and the twenty regiments 
of tlie Eleventh Corps engaged the First Day 
was oppo5;ed by nineteen regiments of the Con- 
federate Army, and those nineteen regiments 

39 



were iiupporied by eighteeti pieces of artillery 
on Oak Ridge. 

On the evening of the ist of July, while our 
men are falling back to Cemetery Hill, all 
in confusion, is the time that the brave and su- 
perb soldier Gen. Hancock arrives. Gen. 
Meade having learned of the death of Gen. 
Reynolds sent Hancock to the front to view 
the situation and assume command. His very 
appearance aided greatly in rallying the men, 
and the lines were reformed and order re- 
stored. Gen. Slocum came over from the right, 
he being the superior officer, and Gen. Han- 
cock relinqui.shed command to Gen. Slocum, 
and then rode back that night to Taneylown 
and reported to Gen. Meade. 

Gen. Meade at once ordered up the entire 
army to Gettysburg. It was not until after 
the First Day's Battle that our entire army 
was ordered up to Gettysburg, and until 
that time the men who struggled so heroically 
the first day of the battle were just as liable to 
be sent back to Pipe Creek Heights, where 
Gen. Meade expected to make battle, as the 
men there were liable to be sent to Gettysburg. 




«^4f' 



JOHN 5^,UHN8 



Si'^^?-^^- J^^KADE moved up with his staff 
(«J^^p< aijd arrived about miduight, estab- 
?|^^ lishiug his headquarters on the Taney- 
ca\— i^:* town Road, just south of Cemetery 
Hill. As the troops arrived in the night they 
were placed in position. On the morning of 
the 2nd of July it was expected that Gen. 
Lee would certainly follow up his victory of 
the night before, but for some reason, un- 
knov/n to the writer, he did not see fit to do 
this, and that gave Gen. Meade a chance to 
make many changes and to strengthen our 
lines in numerous places. There was but lit- 
tle or no fighting done on the morning of the 
second day. 

The formation of the Union lines of battle 
on the second and thiid days was in shape 
similar to a fish hook, the short end resting 
on Rock Creek, one mile east of Cemetery 
Hill, the long end resting on Round Top, 
two and one-half mile*; south of Cemetery 
Hill, which was the left of our line ; and 
Cemetery Hill formed the curve of the hook. 
The Confederate line was similar in shape, 
only a much larger hook, it being the outer 
line. 

On the morning of the second day our line 
was formed in the following order : The 
Twelfth Corps on the right, with Williams' 
Division on the right of the corps resting on 

4J 



Rock Creek, in command of Gen. Rnger, as 
Williams was then in command of tlie corps, 
and Slocum in command of the right wing ; 
the Third Brigade, Col. Colgrove in command, 
on the right of the division, 13th N. J., 3rd 
Wis., 2nd Mass., 27th Ind., 107th N. Y. 
First Brigade, Col. Macdougall, 46th Pa., 
145th N. Y., 123rd N. Y., 3rd Md., 20th 
Conn, and 5th Conn. vSecond Division, Gen. 
John W. Geary, had been sent across to Ivittle 
Round Top, with two brigades the niglit be- 
fore, to prevent the surprise of the enemy on 
our left flank, but l^eing relieved on the morn- 
ing of the 2nd by Sickles' Third Corps, was 
sent back to their own corps and formed on 
the left of the First Division as follovv'S : 
Second Brigade, Gen. Thos. L. Kane, 29tli 
Pa., 109th Pa., I nth Pa. ; First Brigade, 
Col. Charles Candy, 5th O., 7th O., 29th O., 
147th Pa., 28th Pa. and 66th O. ; Third Bri- 
gade, Gen. George S. Greene, 137th N. Y., 
149th N. Y., 102nd N. Y., 7Sth N. Y., 60th 
N. Y. ; this extended the line from Rock 
Creek to the summit of Gulp's Hill, the 
wooded hill east of the Cemetery. 

Joining on the left of Geary's Division was 
the First Division, First Corps, Second Bri- 
gade on the right of the division, 7th Ind., 
which had now joined this brigade, it having 
been left back the day before with train, 76th 

42 



N. Y., i4tli Brooklyn, 95tli N. Y., i47tli N. 
Y., and 56tli Pa. ; First Brigade, Gen. Mere- 
dith, 7tli Wis., 6th Wis., 2nd Wis., 19th Ind., 
24th Mich. 

Joining on the left of the last mentioned di- 
vision was the Eleventh Corps, extending the 
line around East Cemetery Hill to Ziegler's 
Grove on Cemetery Ridge, that forming and 
occupying the curve of the fish hook ; First 
Division, Gen. Ames commanding, First Brig- 
ade, on the right Col. Von Gilsa, 41st N. Y., 
153rd Pa., 68th N. Y., 54th N. Y. ; Second 
Brigade, Col. Plarris commanding, 17th Conn., 
107th O., 25th O., 75th O. ; Second Division, 
G^n. Adolph Von Steinwehr, First Brigade, 
Col. Coster, 134th N. Y., 154 N. Y., 27th Pa. 
and 73rd Pa. ; Third Division, Gen. Carl 
Schurz, First Brigade, Col. Von Amsberg, 
82nd 111., ^5th N. Y., 157th N. Y., 6ist O., 
74th Pa. ; Second Brigade, Col. Krzyzanowski, 
26th Wis., 75th Pa., 82nd O., 119 N. Y., 58th 
N. Y. On the left of the division was the 
Second Brigade of the Second Division, Col. 
Orlando Smith, 55th O., 73rd O., 136th N. 
Y., 33rd Mass. 

On the left of the Eleventh Corps was the 
Second and Third Divisions of the First 
Corps, extending the line through and south 
of Ziegler's Grove on Cemetery Ridge ; Second 
Division, Gen. Robinson, Second Brigade, 

43 



Gen. Baxter, nth Pa., 88th Pa., 90th Pa., 
97th N.Y., 83rd N.Y., 1 2th Mass. ; First Brig- 
ade, Col. Coulter commanding, 107th Pa., 
104th N. Y., 94th N. Y., 13th Mass., i6th 
Me. ; Third Division, Gen. Rowley, First 
Brigade, Col. Biddle, 151st Pa., 142nd Pa., 
I2ist Pa., 80th N. Y. or 20th Militia ; Second 
Brigade, Col. Dana commanding, what is left 
of the Bucktail Brigade, 143rd Pa., 149th Pa., 
and 150th Pa. ; Third Brigade, Gen. Geo. J. 
Stannard, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th 
Vt., the 1 2th and 15th being kept guarding 
trains. 

On the left of Second Division was Second 
Corps, Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, with Third 
Division on the right. Gen. Alex. Hays, First 
Brigade, Col. Carroll, 14th Ind., 4th O., 8th 
O., 7th W. Va. ; Second Brigade, Col. Smyth, 
14th Conn., ist Del., 12th N. J., loth N. Y., 
batallion, io8th N. Y. ; Third Brigade, Col. 
Willard, 39th N. Y., iiith N. Y., 125th N. 
Y., 126th N. Y. ; Second Divi.Mon, Gen. John 
Gibbon, Second Brigade, Gen. Alex. S. Webb, 
71st Pa., 72nd Pa., 69th Pa., io6th Pa. ; 
Third Brigade, Col. N. J. Hall, 59th N. Y., 
42nd N. Y., 7th Mich., 20th Mass., 19th 
Mass. ; Finst Brigade, Gen. Wm. Harrow, 
19th Me., 15th Mass., 1st Minn., 82nd N. Y. ; 
First Division on the left of Corps, First Di- 
vision, Gen. J. C. Caldwell, First Brigade, 

44 



Col. Edward H. Cross, 5th N. H., 6ist N. Y. , 
148th Pa., 8ist Pa. ; Second Brigade, Col. 
Patrick Kelly commauding, 2Stli Mass., 63rd 
N. y.. 69th N. Y., 88th N. Y., ii6th Pa. ; 
Third Brigade. Gen. Sam'l K. Zook, 52nd 
N. Y., 57th N. Y., 66th N. Y., 140th Pa. ; 
Fourth Brigade. Col. J. R. Brooke, 27th Conn., 
2nd Del., 64th N. Y., 53rd Pa., 145th Pa. 

The Third Corps under command of Major 
General Daniel E. Sickles was to have formed 
on the left of the Second Corps and continue 
the line southward to Round Top, but on the 
morning of the second Gen. Sickles discovered 
that the ground in his front on the Emmits- 
burg Road was a better position, a much 
higher one, and not deeming it advisable to 
allow the enemy to have the better ground, 
and his former position being untenable, and 
having discretionary power as the command- 
ing officer, or rather as corps commander, he 
saw fit on his own responsibility to advance 
forward to the Emmitsburg Road and estab- 
lish the right of his line near the Roger's 
house. Humph ey's »Second Division on the 
right of the corps and Carr's Brigade on the 
right of the division; 26th Pa., ist Mass, 
nth Mass., 1 6th Mass., 12th New Hamp- 
shire, nth New Jersey, the 84th Penn'a. 
of this brigade was left back with wagon train 
and not engaged in the battle ; Second Brig- 

45 



ade, Col. W. R. Brewster, yotli, 71st, 72nd, 
73rd, 74tli and 120th New York Regiments; 
Third Brigade, Col. Geo. C. Burling, 5th, 6th, 
7th, 8th New Jersey, 2nd New Hampshire, 
115th Penn'a. Joining on the left of the 
Second Division was the right of the First 
Division Gen. David B. Birney commanding. 
First Brigade, Gen. Graham, on the right of 
the division; 105th Penn'a., ''Wildcat" Regi- 
ment, 57th Penn'a., 114th Penn'a., "CoUis' 
Zouaves," 63rd Penn'a., 68th Penn'a., 141st 
Penn'a., extending the line on the Emmits- 
burg Road to vSOUth side of the Peach Orchard. 
There our line w^as refused to the left or 
turned to the left, and continued eastward to 
Plum Run in the Valley of Death. Third 
Brigade, Col. De Trobriand, on the left of 
Graham, 3rd Michigan, 5th Michigan, 40th 
New York, "Mozart Regiment," iioth 
Penn'a., 17th Maine; Second Brigade, Gen. 
Ward, on the left of De Trobriand, 20th In- 
diana, 86th New York, 124th New York, 99th 
Penn'a., 3rd Maine, 4th Maine, ist and 2nd 
U. S. Sharpshooters. 

The Third Army Corps is out, in this posi- 
tion, in the shape of a semi-circle, with no sup- 
port on either flank, no troops in their rear, or 
on I^ittle Round Top, with the Fifth and Sixth 
Corps still marching, and miles away. It is 
while the Third Army Corps is in this posi- 

46 



tion that tliey are attacked by lyongstreet's 
Corps of Lee's Army. 

But as the formation of the Union Army or 
line of battle lias been given I will now form 
the line of the Confederate Army. A word 
to the reader pertaining to the two ridges, 
Cemetery Ridge and Seminary Kidge run 
parallel partially. From Cemetery Hill south to 
Round Top they run parallel, but Seminary 
Ridge extends much farther north, the two 
ridges are about a mile apart, and Seminary 
Ridge is west of Cemetery Ridge. 

At a point a mile southwest of the Devil's 
Den is the right of the Confederate Army, 
following Seminary Ridge northward to the 
Seminary buildings, thence east through the 
town, thence southeast to Rock Creek Hills, 
with the following formation : First Corps, 
commanded by Gen. Longstreet, on the right 
facing the Union left, and Hood's Division on 
the right of the corps, with four brigades in 
the following order : Law's Alabama Brigade, 
Robertson's Texas Brigade, Anderson's 
Georgia Brigade, Benning's Georgia Brigade. 
On the left of Hood's Division is Gen. 
McLaws' Division, Kershaw's South Carolina 
Brigade, Semmes' Georgia Brigade, Wolford's 
Georgia Brigade, Barksdale's Mississippi 
Brigade. Pickett's Division of Longstreet's 
Corps at this time has not yet crossed 

47 



the South Mountain, and is in the vicinity 
of Chainbersburg, guarding wagon trains. 

On the left of Longstreet's Corps was Third 
Corps. Gen. A. P. Hill, with Anderson's 
Division on the right, five brigades, namely : 
Wilcox's, Perry's, Wright's, Mahone's and 
PovSey's. On the left of Anderson's was 
Pender's Division of four brigades, namely : 
Perrin's, Lane's, Scales' and Thomas.' On 
the left of Pender was Heth's Division ; he 
originally had four brigades and, as will be 
remembered, lost the greater poition of 
Archer's and the greater portion of Davis' 
Mississippi in the old railroad cut the first 
day. He now has a remnant of three bri- 
gades, namely : Brockenbrough's, Pettigrew's 
and Davis.' Joining on the left of Heth's 
was the right of Ewell's Corps, which now 
extends the line eastward, directly through 
the town, with Rodes' Division on the right, 
five brigades ; Daniel's, Iverson's, Ramseur's, 
O'Neal's and Dole's. On the left of Rodes', 
in front of Cemetery Hill on the Culp farm, 
was Early's Division of four brigades : Gor- 
don's, Hays', vSmith's and Hoke's. Joining 
on the left of Early, in front of Culp's Hill, 
and extending the line to Rock Creek and 
across same, was Johnson's Division of four 
brigades: Jones', W^illiams', Walker's, which 
was known as th^ "Stonewall" Brigade, and 

+8 '■■■ . 





JENNIE WADE 

the only citizen of Gettysburg who was killed during the battle, 21 
j^ears of age, was struck by a sharpshooter's bullet in a little brick 
house on Baltimore street, near the National Cemetery. On the 
morning of the last day of the battle she was in the back room work- 
ing in dough, preparing to bake and was instantly killed by a bul- 
let that had passed through two doors l)efore striking her. 

The house iias not been changed and shows the marks of sev- 
eral hundred bullets. It is now a war museum, and attracts thou- 
sands of tourists each year to hear the story of Jennie Wade's death, 
and to see the old battle-marked house and the complete collection 
of battlefield relics which are exhibited here. 

Souvenirs of all kinds can be bought in the room where Jennie 
Wade was killed. Any information relative to this house or the 
Gettysburg Battlefield will be cheerfully furnished by addressing 
THE JE^^NI'E WADE HOUSE, 

Gettysburg, Pa. 



Steiiart's, thus forming a line of battle similar 
in shape to the Union line 

The line of battle was thus composed of 
thirty-four brigades. A solid line of battle 
two ranks deep and eight 'miles long, with the 
artillery of both armies stationed on the ele- 
vated and commanding positions, while the 
cavalry, the eyes of the army, are guarding 
flanks. Gen. Lee's plan for the second day 
of July (the reader will understand that the 
Union Army fought at Gettysburg on the 
defensive far the first time, Lee's Army being 
the attacking party) was to attack both flanks 
and the center at one and the same time. 
Longstreet's Corps being on Lee's right, and 
facing our left, was to move forward and turn 
the left flank. E well's Corps being on Lee's 
left and facing our right was to advance and 
turn back the Union's right flank, while A. 
P. Hill's Corps was to advance and strike the 
crushing blow on the Union's center. 

But the Third Corps of the Union Army 
having advanced out the Emmitsburg Road to 
the Peach Orchard, and throwing his sharp- 
shooters and skirmishers still farther in ad- 
vance, they discovered Longstreet's move- 
ment and brought on the battle. Longstreet 
at that time was moving southward with his 
entire command, along Willoughby Run, west 
of Seminary Kid^e, and uuder cover of the 

49 



same, on his way around the south side of Big 
Round Top for the purpose of attacking Gen. 
Sickles from the east, then being in the rear 
of Sickles' Corps, Now if Gen. Sickles had 
formed on the left of the Second Corps, as 
ordered at the beginning to do, and had pro- 
longed his line south to I^ittle Round Top, the 
greater portion of his troops would have been 
on low, swampy ground which was untenable, 
with the enemy occupying the Kmmitsburg 
Road in his front, and the left of his line 
would have been on the sunmiit of I^ittle 
Round Top "in the air," and lyongstreet 
would have been successful in carrying out his 
plans to move around to the south side of Big 
Round Top and attack the Third Corps from 
the rear, while a portion of Hill's Corps would 
make the attack from the front. Tlrcrefore 
had Gen . Sickles not gone out and taken up 
that adv^anced position lyongstreet's movement 
would not have been discovered, his plans 
would have been carried out successfully with 
no obstructions in his way, as he had several 
hours to execute this move, which would have 
been under cover and unseen, before the Fifth 
and Sixth Corps of the Union Army arrived 
upon the field. 

Those who study the history of the battle 
and visit the field and view the topography of 
the ground agree that under the existing cir- 

50 



cumstances Gen. Sickles did the best thing 
that could have been done. It is believed by 
the military critics who visit the field at thas 
late day that had Gen. Sickles not fought his 
battle in the manner and form which he did, 
there would have been no battle fought at 
Gettysburg on the Third of July. 

When lyongstreet's Corps became engaged 
with Gen. Sickles' Third Corps, it soon be- 
came necessary for Hill's Corps to move fur- 
ther to the right and reinforce I^ongstreet. 
Gen. Sickles with his Third Corps, and the 
support he received, afterward succeeded in 
holding the two corps of the enemy in check, 
until the evening, when our Fifth and Sixth 
Corps reached the field. The result of this 
attack, or rather this movement, was 
that Hill's Corps did not, nor could not, make 
a direct attack upon the Union center, except 
with two brigades, Wright's Georgia Brigade 
and Perry's Florida Brigade. 




[HE battle of the Second Day of July 
commenced on the left and raged quite 
a while before it commenced on the 
right. The battle commenced on the second 
day about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, near 
the Peach Orchard and Emmitsburg Road. 

51 



Three brigades of McLaw's Division, Long- 
vStreet's Corps, advanced northward up the 
Emmitsburg Road and were met by Graham's 
Brigade, Birney's Division, Third Corps of 
the Union Army. In a short time the battle 
extended along the entire line of Birney's Di- 
vision, Gen. Graham was wounded and taken 
prisoner and the battle was raging all the way 
from the Peach Orchard down through the 
woods to Devil's Den. At that time the 
Second Division, Gen. Humphrey's Third 
Corps, is still occupying the Emmitsburg 
Road north of the Peach Orchard and facing 
west. It is then that Gen. Sickles rides out 
and orders Gen. Humphrey to throw back his 
left of the line, and change his front from 
west to south. He promptly o]:>eys the order 
and reinforces Birney's Division on his left. 

Then Gen. Barksdale with the Fourth Bri- 
gade of McLaws' Division, charges out from 
the woods west of the Peach Orchard, and 
reaches the Emmitsburg Road quickly, north 
of the Sherfy buildings, and finally succeeds 
i« driving back the right flank of Humphrey's 
Division, and advancing across the fields to- 
wards the Trostle buildings, near which Gen. 
Sickles had established his heaquarters in the 
saddle. Gen. Hancock sends Willard's 
New York Brigade from our center out across 
the fields, who intercepts the left flank of 

52 



Barksdale, not far from Geii. Sickles' head- 
quarters. In that movement Gen. Barksdale 
is killed. Gen. Willard is also killed and 
Gen. Sickles loses a leg close by, but Barks- 
dale Brigade had been checked for the time 
being. 

Then Col. McGilvery, in command of our 
reserve Artillery Brigade back on Cemetery 
Hill, rides out to the front near the Trostle 
buildings, and tells Captain Bigelow, com- 
manding the 9th Mass. Battery, that notwith- 
standing our line is being forced back, he 
nuLst remain there, and if necessary sacrifice 
his entire battery. Capt. Bigelow at once 
turned four of his guns westward, toward the 
Emmitsburg Road, on Barksdale's advancing 
troops, while he kept the other two guns 
pointing .southward, firing on Kershaw, 
Woilord and Semnies. Capt. Bigelow re- 
mained out there until after our troops were 
driven in from his front, and for quite a 
while without any support whatever, except 
a portion of the ii8th Pa. (Corn Exchange 
Regiment), who voluntarily fought and came 
to his support. Out of his six guns he lost 
four, ont of seven sergeants he lost six, out of 
four connni.ssioned officers he lost three, in- 
cluding himself wounded, and out of eighty- 
eight horses he lost eighty. 

Eockwood's Independent Maryland Brigade, 

53 



accompanied by Gen. Meade in person, is 
seen advancing rapidly to the rescue of the 
Third Corps. Some of these troops charge as 
far as the Loop and the Peach Orchard, but, 
like their comrades, are hurled back by over- 
whelming numbers. Gen. Hancock double- 
quicks the First Division, Second Army Corps 
to the left — four brigades, viz : Cross', Kelly's, 
Zook's and Brooke's. 

Col. Cross commanding First Brigade, be- 
longed to the 5th N. H. Regiment, and on the 
morning of July second, he said to some of 
his fellow officers, "Gentlemen, I will win a 
.star on this field today or die in the effort." 
He charged his brigade across the famous 
Wheatfield in front of Round Top and had 
just reached the edge of the woods beyond, 
when he fell mortally wounded, dying in great 
agony that night. He had a brother, a line 
officer in the same regiment, whom he begged 
to blow out his brains during the night, or 
loan him his revolver that he might end his 
sufferings. 

The Second Brigade was known as the Irish 
Brigade, under command of Gen. Kelly. The 
chaplain was a priest, Father Corby, and at 
the edge of the woods he signaled to the com- 
mander to halt. The priest mounted a rock 
and amid the storm of deadly missiles offered 
a brief prayer. As the word "Amen" fell 

54 



from his lips, the word "forward" fell from 
Kelly's lips. On the Irish Brigade charged, 
with their shout of "faiigh-a-ballaugh" (clear 
the way). They charged over the Wheat- 
field and through the timber beyond. 

Gen. Zook moved forward quickly with the 
Third Brigade, and was killed at the north- 
west corner of the Wheatfield, while gallantly 
leading his command. Gen. Brooke dashed 
forward with the Fourth Brigade, charged 
across the Wheatfield and through the woods 
far beyond, reaching the farthest point of any, 
but suffering the loss of nearly half of his 
command. 

It is while the battle is raging at that time 
that Gen. Warren, chief of engineers of our 
army, at the request of Gen. Sickles, rides to 
I^ittle Round Top, and discovers an important 
movement of the enemy, viz : A portion of 
Hood's Division, rapidly moving off to the 
right and into the timber. Gen. W\arren re- 
alized at once that Hood Was making that 
movement for the express purpose of securino- 
Ivittle Round Top, which is a high position" 
actually the key to the front. Gen. Warren 
on his own responsibility, went in pursuit of 
troops to prevent the enemy from accomplish- 
ing their object. The First Division, Fifth 
Army Corps having arrived. Gen. Barnes' 
Division of three brigades, Tilton's, Sweitzer's 

55 



and Vincent's were being hurried to the front 
to reinforce the Third Corps. When near the 
Trostle buildings, about one-half mile north- 
west of Round Top, by order of Warren, Col. 
Strong Vincent's Brigade (this was known as 
the lyight Brigade, formerly commanded by 
Gen. Butterfield, chief of the staff of the 
Army of the Potomac, who was wounded by 
a piece of shell, at Meade's headquarters, in 
Third Day's battle), 83rd Pa., 44th N. Y., 
i6th Mich., 30th Me., was detached and 
brought bads, to Round Top, and moved up to 
the summit of I^ittle Round Top, just in time 
to be double-quicked ''front into line," to 
meet face to face, the greater portion of Law's 
Alabama Brigade, that came from the extreme 
right of Lee's Army. 

Col. Vincent charged and drove Lee's men 
down over the boulders into the ravine below. 
In that movement Col. Vincent fell mortally 
wounded on the sou'.h slope of Little Round 
Top. There, today, a slab on a boulder, with 
a Maltese cross (the Fifth Corps badge), 
marks the spot where he fell. He was car- 
ried back to the rear, to Bushman's farm, 
about a mile distant, and lived until the morn- 
ing of July 7th, in the meantime having been 
made brigadier- general by telegram from 
Washington. 

The battlQ rages, Robertson's Texas Bri- 

5^ 



WOUNDING OF SICKLES. — New York Monumeut. 





SLOCUM's COUNCIL OF WAR.— New York Monument, l 



gade and Beiiniiig's Georgia charged iutd 
Devil's Den and turned the left flank of the 
Third Corps, capturing three guns of Smith'j^ 
N. Y. Ind. Battery, forced back and doubled 
up the left of the Union line, and immediately 
reinforced I^aw's Alabama Brigade. lyaw's 
men turned and charged, forcing our men up 
the hill again on Little Round Top. In the 
meantime Tilton's Brigade, i8th Mass., ist 
Mich., ii8th Pa., and Svveitzer's Brigade, 9th 
Mass., 32nd Mass., 4th Mich., 62nd Pa., have 
reinforced the center of the Third Corps, and 
are hotly contesting the ground in front of 
the Rose building south of the Wheatfield, 
when the Second Division, Fifth Corps (regu- 
lar troops) reached the field. Gen. Ay res 
commanding — Day, Burbank and Weed — 
United States Regulars, except Weed's Bri- 
gade ; Col. Day's First Brigade, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 
1 2th and 14th U. S. Infantry ; Col. Burbank's 
Second Brigade, 7th, loth, nth, 17th, U. S. 
Troops; Third Brigade, Gen. Weed, i4oih 
N. Y., 146th N. Y., 91st Pa., 155th Pa. 

Col. O'Rorke, with 140th N. Y., was de- 
tached by order of Warren and sent to rein- 
force Vincent's Brigade on Round Top. When 
they reached the summit of Little Round Top 
they did not have time to fix their bayonets, 
but rushed double quick "front into line" on 
the right of the 20th Me., commanded by Col. 

57 



Chamberlain. Col. Chamberlain, with these 
reinforcements, charged and drove Law's men 
down to the valley below and maintained pos- 
session of Little Round Top ever thereafter. 

That is the time we came within ten min- 
utes of losing Little Round Top, the key of 
the field in front of Round Top, bej^ond a 
doubt. In that movement Col. O'Rorke was 
killed. The balance of Weed's Brigade was 
ordered up to Little Round Top. It was the 
troops of Weed's Brigade that aided in drag- 
ging the guns of Battery D, 5th U. S., to the 
summit of Little Round Top by hand and by 
ropes. It must be remembered that at that 
time there were no roads around that great 
hill, it being utterly impossible to get guns 
there by horses ; but when they got the guns 
up the men could not use them. Devil's Den 
was then in possession of the enemy, and the 
sharpshooters were there in force and had 
range on Little Round Top and were picking 
our men off rapidly. As fast as they went to 
their guns they were shot down. 

Gen. Weed, who commanded the brigade, 
was shot by a sharpshooter from Devil's Den, 
and while Lieut. Hazlett, w^ho was in command 
of the battery, was leaning over Gen. Weed re- 
ceiving his dying messages, he, too, was shot 
and fell dead across the body of Weed. Eight 
companies of Berdan's sharpshooters of our 

58 



army were double quicked from the right and 
distributed around Little Round Top and Big 
Round Top. Soon thereafter our guns on 
Round Top could be used, for when the Union 
sharpshooters were once in position the enemy 
could not expose a finger without losing the 
same. 

Still the battle raged from the Valley of 
Death in front of Little Round Top across the 
fields to the Emmitsburg Road, a distance of 
a mile. It was not until the Third Division, 
Fifth Corps (Crawford's Pa. Reserves) and 
the three Brigades of Sixth Corps troops had 
arrived that we were able to check the enemy. 
When the enemj^ saw those men coming over 
the ridge north of Round Top was the time 
they exclaimed out beyond the Wheatfield, 
"Great God, how much more have we to go 
through." 

The Third Division, Fifth Corps, Gen. 
Crawford commanding, two brigades. First 
and Third, joined the corps on the 28th of 
June, the Second Brigade being left in the de- 
partment at Washington. First Brigade, Col. 
Wm. McCandless, ist, 2nd, 6th, i3tli Pa. 
Vols., Third Brigade, Col. Jos. W. Fisher, 
5th, 9th, loth, nth and 12th Pa. Vols. ; the 
Sixth Corps troops were the Second Brigade, 
First Division, Gen. Jos. J. Bartlett, 5th Me., 
I2ist N. Y., 95th Pa., 96th Pa., Second Bri- 

59 



gade, Third Division, Col. H. L. Eustis, 7th, 
loth, 37th Mass., 2nd R. I. ; Third Brigade, 
Third Division, Col. D. J. Nevin, 62nd N.Y., 
93rd Pa., 98th Pa., 102nd Pa,, (butonl}^ a few 
companies of the latter) and i39tli Pa. Vols. 

Col. McCandless of Philadelphia, with his 
brigade, and the nth Regiment of Fisher's 
Brigade, followed by the three brigades, Sixth 
Corps (these Sixth Corps troops had been 
marthing since nine o'clock the night before, 
coming from below Manchester b)' a circuit- 
uous route, having marched over forty consecu- 
tive miles, and at that time were called "fresh 
troops") charged across the meadows and over 
the Valley of Death, until McCandless' men 
reached and captured the stone wall on the 
east side of the Wheatfield from the enemy 
and successfully held the same from that time 
on. 

Gen. P*isher's Brigade was moved around 
east of Little Round Top and charged west- 
ward down the ravine, between the two Round 
Tops, lighting their way foot by foot west- 
ward until they reached and re-captured 
Devil's Den, the stronghold which the enemy 
had captured after driving back the left of the 
Third Corps of the Union Army. They held 
this position until midnight, when they were 
ordered back to Round Top, and that ex- 
tended our line southward to the summit of 

60 




GENERAL SLOCUM.-Equestdan statue. 



Big Round Top. In the meantime, darkness 
ended the contest. 

During the night of the second the Union 
line of battle was re-formed back on Cemetery 
Ridge on a continuation of Hancock's line, 
and on line of Pennsylvania Reserves on the 
east side of the Wheatfield. 

With the repulse of Wright's Georgia and 
Perry's Florida Brigades, that attempted to 
break through our Second Corps center, near 
the Codori buildings, the battle on the left of 
our line ended with the twilight. 

jIIERE is a fierce contest raging on the 
right of our line during much of this 
time. Ewell's Corps of Lee's Army 
have been endeavoring to carry out instruc- 
tions as regards the turning of our right flank. 
In Ewell's Corps, you will remember, are 
Early's Division and Johnson's Division. 
Early was to charge Cemetery Hill, while 
Johnson was to charge Culp's Hill, which it 
will be observed is east of Cemetery Hill. But 
prior to the charges made they expected to 
demolish our guns on Cemetery Hill by plac- 
ing numerous batteries on Benner's Hill, a 
commanding position to the east. But soon 
^Ve had a range on them, as the Union Army 

6x 



had their guns ou Cemetery Hill, and ;he 
Confederate guns were disabled. They drag- 
ged their last gun from Benner's Hill by hand, 
and the majority of their horses were killed. 

Soon thereafter troops were seen forming 
in front of Cemetery Hill, down on the Culp 
farm, which proved to be Early's Division. 
In Early's Division was Hays' Brigade, better 
known as the Louisiana Tigers. They were 
desperate and brave men who knew no fear 
and they had, up to that time, never failed to 
capture any line that they ever charged. 
They supported Hoke's Brigade, of the same 
division, who were to lead the charge, but when 
Hoke's men moved forward from under cover 
and made their appearance on the summit of 
the field in front of Cemetery Hill, many 
guns were turned upon them and the fire was 
beyond endurance. Hoke's men were com- 
pelled to go to the ravine from whence they 
came, for shelter. 

But Hays' Brigade, the Louisiana Tigers, 
numbering 1,700 men, formed in the streets of 
Gettysburg, and in a ravine south of the old 
jail, under cover and out of view of the Union 
troops, thej^ moved up a lane along the east 
base of Cemetery Hill, which was so close that 
the Union guns could not be depressed suffi- 
ciently to bring a range to bear dov/n upon 
them. But .southeast of Cemetery Hill, and 

62 



hear, Gulp's Hill, were Steven's 5tli Me. and 
two guns of Knapp's Pittsburg Batteries. 
These guns being at the end of the lane had 
an enfilading fire down the lane on the Tigers 
with their deadly and destructive missiles. 
Still many of them endured it and reached the 
Eleventh Corps line. Forcing their way 
over the stone wall, actually leaping over our 
men, they yelled and charged up the hill, and 
in less time than I can tell the story they 
reached the top (Cemetery Hill) and cap- 
tured Weidrich's Battery I, ist N. Y. Artil- 
lery. Soon they passed these guns, by yell and 
charged southward over the second stone wall, 
and captured the two left guns of Rickett's Pa. 
Battery and attempted to spike same, but Rick- 
ett's brave men will not yield an inch. The 
enemy at one time had captured two of Rick- 
ett's, spiked the one and had the other half 
way down the hill, when occurred the hand 
to hand struggle on Cemetery Hill, where 
Rickett's men used ram- rods, gun swabs, hand 
spikes, clubbed muskets, stones, and even 
their fists. lyieut. Brockway brained a Tiger 
with a stone ; another is brained with a hand 
spike, while still another is beaten to death 
with a guidon. 

Gen. Hancock comes to the rescue by send- 
ing Carroll's Brigade, Second Corps, to rein- 
force our men on Cemetery Hill, excepting 

63 



Uie 8th O., which is still on the skirmish line, 
west of the Emmitsburg Road. Then the 
Union men charge and drive down the hill 
what is left of the Tigers. Out of the 1,700 
men that made the charge less than 300 got 
back to town. Over 1,400 were captured, 
killed and wounded, and the command, as an 
organization, was not known thereafter. 

When the conflict ceased on Cemetery Hill 
it was near twilight, and troops were seen 
forming in front of Gulp's Hill. It was soon 
learned that these were Johnson's Division, 
preparing to charge. During the afternoon, 
while our Fifth and Sixth Army Corps were 
being hurried forward, we were being hard 
pressed on our left. It then became abso- 
lutely necessary to have reinforcements from 
somewhere, and the result was that all the 
troops of the Twelfth Corps on our right, ex- 
cept one brigade (Green's N. Y. Brigade re- 
mained on Culp's Hill) were detached and 
sent to reinforce our left, but in the meantime 
the Fifth and Sixth Corps arrived, and 
the Twelfth Corps troops were not needed on 
the left. During their absence John.son 
charged Culp's Hill, but was repulsed time and 
again with heavy losses by Green's Brigade ; 
but Johnson having a division, his line was 
much longer than Green's and the men on the 
left of Johnson's line soon discovered that the 

64 







qfe 



f' w 



Works in tiieir front liave been vacated hy 
Green. 

Johnson moved off, by the left flank, further 
to our right, and crossed the vacated line of 
the Union works, and moved around to the 
rij;ht flank of Green, and passing vSpangler's 
Springs, moved on westward, up the ravine, 
to the Baltimore Pike, only a quarter of a mile 
south of Cemetery Hill, on the east side of the 
pike On the west side of the pike, and oppo- 
site a short distance, was our reserve am- 
munition train parked. Johnson was ac- 
tually within a stone throw of the same. J[ad 
he known where he was, or realized his posi- 
tion, he could have captured the Union am- 
munition train, marched in on the Baltimore 
Pike and cut off our right. But it was in the 
night, and as not a shot was fired, John.son 
became alarmed. He said to his staff, "This 
is too ea.sy, there nuist be something wrong, 
this must he a trap Meade has opened for me. 
I believe I am marching mv command into 
it." He instructed his men to move back 
quickly and quietly to Gulp's Hill, to the tim- 
ber and vacant line of works, so recently cap- 
tured by them, and wait for daylight. 

In the meantime, while he was waiting for 
daylight, the troops of the Twelfth Corps were 
sent back to their former position, wlien they 
found Johnson's Division of Evv'eU's Corps oc- 

65 



cupying the same. It was during that night 
that many of the troops of both armies mingle 
together freely at Spangler's Springs and use 
water from the same springs to quench their 
thirst and wash their bloody w^ounds. The 
men lying looked at each other for many 
hours. 

Just at daylight on the Third Day Gen. 
Geary, of the Union Army, discovered John- 
son in the act of moving. At once he had his 
men open fire upon Johnson's entire command, 
which was kept up continuou.sly until ten 
o'clock A. M., when Shaler's Brigade of the 
Sixth Corps, that had arrived the night before, 
was sent from the vicinity of Round Top. 
This brigade was composed of the 65th N. Y. , 
67th N. Y., 122nd N. Y., 23rd Pa., 82nd Pa., 
together with Lockwood's Independent Bri- 
gade, ist Md. Potomac Home Brigade, ist 
Md. Eastern Shore and 150th N. Y. After 
the Twelfth Corps had been reinforced by 
these troops a general advance was ordered. 
Johnson made a desperate effort to retain the 
works which he had gotten so easily, but he 
could not stand the charges of the gallant 
troops of the Twelfth Corps, and was finally 
driven from the works through the woods be- 
yond. That ended the fighting on the right 
of the line on the Third Day. Gen. Lee was 



66 



greatly disappointed at Johnson's not being 
able to hold his position on Gulp's Hill. 

To return to the Second Day's Battle. It 
will be noted that Lee failed in his plans. He 
failed to turn back the left flank of the Union 
Army, although he did succeed in forcing back 
the Third Corps line ; in other words, he sim- 
pl}^ straightened that position of the Union 
line, but his losses were heavy. He failed to 
capture and hold Round Top. He also failed 
to turn the right flank of the Union Army ; 
neither did he succeed in capturing Gulp's 
Hill and holding the same, and he had failed 
to break through the Union center. The bat- 
tle raged seven and one-half hours on the left 
and six and one-half on the right. The loss 
was great on both sides, but Gen. Lee had 
failed to accomplish Vvdiat he had undertaken. 

The Union losses on Little Round Top were 
575 ; in the Wheatfield and in the vicinity of 
Devil's Den, 4,133 ; in the vicinity of the 
Peach Orchard 1,285 5 along the Emmitsburg 
Road and in the vicinity of the Rogers House 
2,745 ; at East Gemetery Hill 612, and in- 
cluding the losses on Gulp's Hill the total 
losses for the day exceeded [ 0,000. 

On the night of the Second Gen. Lee held 
his great Gouncil of War. He told his staff 
officers and corps commanders what he was 
gfoing to do on the morrow and how he was 

67 



going to do it. Gt.'n. Loiigstreet ol)jccted to 
liivS plans, and said to Gen. Lee, "General, we 
have failed today, having been unable to dis- 
lodge Meade's Army, but if we withdraw from 
here to-morrow and move southward toward 
Washington, which is only seventy-five miles 
away, we will compel Gen. Meade to vacate 
his stronghold around the heights of Gettys- 
burg and in all probability we will be enabled 
to make battle on more favorable ground and 
thus assume the defensive." Such was the 
logic of Longstreet, but Gen. Lee said, "No, 
gentlemen, I have been reinforced tonight by 
Pickett's Division of Virginians, who have 
just arrived from Chambersburg, and who 
have not yet been engaged in battle, but are 
eager for the fray, and I have also been rein- 
forced by Stuart's Cavalry-" 

m m m m m m m m m 

i$'f?(^OW Stuart's Cavalry got to Gettysluirg 
'§&X'1''§ ^^' '^'^ interesting story . Lee left him 
5^4>S>v in Virginia, to baffle the Union 
iVrmy and prevent Gen. Hooker following. 
Stuart was noted for his successful raiding 
around our army, l)ut Gen. Hooker outgener- 
aled him tlii.s tim: and succeeded in cutting 
him off from Lee's command entirely. In or- 
der that Stuart might again join Lee's com- 
68 



niaiid he was compelled to pass down the Po- 
tomac River, below where the Union Army 
had crossed and pass to tlie rear an I around 
the Union Army. Stuart did so. He crossed 
the Potomac River at Drainesville, almost 
touched the suburbs of Baltimore and moved 
northward up the Northern Central Railroad. 

Bearing southward on the 3otli of June, he 
came in contact with a portion of the Union 
Cavalry at Hanover, Pa., Gen. Kilpatrick's 
Division. First Brigade, Gen. Farnsworth, 
5th N. Y., i8th Pa., ist Vt., ist W. Va. ; 
Second Brigade, Gen. Custer, ist Mich., 5th 
Mich., 6th Mich., 7th Mich., and they became 
engaged in a skirmish in the streets of Han- 
over, Pa. 

Stuart knew that Lee's objective point was 
Harrisburg, and as he had been cut off from 
all connections for a number of days, and was 
driven out of Hanover rapidly by the Union 
Cavalry, and expecting to find Lee's Army in 
the Cumberland Valley between Carlisle and 
Harrisburg, he marched directly across York 
County, by the wa}^ of York Springs, viz, 
sixteen miles north of Gettysburg, and reached 
Carlisle, in the Cumberland Valley, on the 
evening of the First of July, only to learn that 
Gen. Lee had abandoned the attack on Har- 
risburg, vacated the Cumberland Valley, 
crossed over to the east side of the South 

69 



Mountain, and that there had been one day's 
battle fought at Gettysburg. Had Stuart 
known, while at Hanover on the 30th of June, 
that Gen, Lee, his commander, was, at that 
time, concentrating his army in the vicinit)^ of 
Gettysburg the chances are that the Battle of 
Gettysburg would have b/cen somewhat differ- 
ent. 

On the morning of the Second, alter shelling 
Carlisle somewhat, Stuart moved his Cavalry 
through Mt. Holly Gap, the same route that 
Rodes' Division had taken, and crossed the 
South Mountain, reaching Getty. sburg on the 
evening of the Second of July. So Lee said 
in his council of war, "I have been reinforced 
tonight by Stuart's Cavalry and Pickett's Di- 
vision and tomorrow I propose to cut Gen, 
Meade's Army in two, halfway between Ceme- 
tery Hill and Round Top, viz, the Angle near 
the umbrella shaped trees, and I am going to 
do it in this way. I will mass Pickett's Divi- 
sion in the woods in front of Gen, Meade's 
center, well supported. I will have all cannon 
along my line in position, open fire and con- 
centrate the same on that point and either de- 
molish the guns of Meade or exhaust his sup- 
ply of ammunition ; then have Pickett's Divi- 
sion charge, well supported, and, in the mean- 
time, send Stuart's Cavalry around Meade's 
right flank and attack from the rear, in con- 

70 



tiection with Pickett's charge from the front. 
I will cut that line in two and use Gen, 
Meade's Army up by detail." It must be ad- 
mitted that Lee's plans looked plausible. 

Gen. Meade however was prepared for any 
movement from any direction that Lee might 
make. Both flanks of the Union Army were 
well protected with cavalry. Gen. Gregg's Di- 
vision on the right flank had been reinforced by 
Custer's Brigade of Kilpatrick's Division, and 
consisted of the following troops : First Bri- 
gade, Gen. J. B. Mcintosh commanding, ist 
Md., Pnrnell Legion Company A., istMass., 
(detached at Fifth and Sixth Corps Headquar- 
ters), ist N. J., ist Pa., 3rd Pa., 3rd Pa. 
Heavy Artillery, Section Battery H, and Pen- 
nington's U. S. Battery M, ist Pa. Cavalry, 
detached at Meade's Pleadquarters ; Third 
Brigade, Col. J. Irvin Gregg commanding, ist 
Me., loth N. Y., 4th Pa., i6th Pa., but the 
4th Pa. being detached at Cavalry Headquar- 
ters ; the vSccond Brigade of Gen. Gregg's 
Divi.sion, Col. P. Huey commanding, had been 
left at Westminster, Md., 2nd N. Y., 4th N. 
Y., 6th O., 8th Pa., and were busily engaged 
in conveying prisoners from the front. 

Gen. Gregg, anticipating an attack, and in 
the absence of Huey's Brigade assumed the 
responsibility of detaching Gen. Custer's Bri- 
gade, which was passing in his vicinity en route 

71 



to join Kiipatrick oil the left. Gen. C^regg's 
forces were three and one-half miles east of 
Cemetery Hill. There existed between his 
left and the right of our infantr}^ line a vacant 
g-ap on Wolf's Hill. The balance of the Sixth 
Corps having come up on evening of Juh' 2nd, 
the Third Brigade, Gen. T. H. Neill of the 
Second Division, was sent to Wolf's Hill to fill 
this vacant space; 7th Me., 33rd N. Y., a 
detachment, Capt. Gifford, 43rd N. Y., 49th 
N. Y., 6ist Pa., 77th N. Y. The latter regi- 
ment had been sent to the support of a battery 
on Power's Hill. 

While the right flank of the Union Army 
was strongly guarded by that ever watchful 
and efficient connnander, Gen. Gregg, the left 
flank of the Union Army had not been neg- 
lected. Gen. Kilpatrick was south of Big 
Round Top and had with him Gen. Farns- 
worth's Brigade, the i.st of his own Division, 
5tli N. Y., i8th Pa., ist Vt. ist W. Va. 

A .solid line of infantry had been formed 
at the east base of Big Round Top extending 
ea.stward for a mile, facing soutluvard as an 
additional protection to the Union Army, com- 
posed of the Sixth Corps troops as follows : 
Second Brigade, Col. L. A. Grant, Second 
Division, 2nd Vt., 3rd Vt., 4th Vt., 5th Vt., 
6th Vt. ; Third Brigade, First Division. Gen. 
D. A. Russell, 6th Me., 49th Pa., 119th Pa., 

72 



5th Wis., thus leaving at this time only one 
brigade of the Union A.rmy actually on the 
reserve, viz; First Division, Sixth Army 
Corps (Gen Kearney's old brigade) com- 
manded by Gen. Torbert, ist N. J., 2nd N. 
J., 3rd N. J., 15th N. J., (4th N. J. was back 
with wagon trains.) These troops were sta- 
tioned on Swisher's Hill, north of Round Top. 
While Stuart's Cavalry is on that tour 
around the Union's right flank, at a point 
three and one-half miles east of Cemetery 
Hill, he was intercepted by Gen. Gregg's 
Division and Gen. Custer's Brigade of Kil- 
patrick's, and then occurred the greatest cav- 
alry fight of the war. It is known in history 
as the "saber fight." Tho.se who were killed 
and wounded were wounded and killed by the 
saber, as a rule. Gen. Wade Hampton, Con- 
federate Brigadier commander, was wounded 
by a saber cut inflicted by Comrade Hampton 
Thomas of Philadelphia, where the cavalry 
charging together on the open field on the 
RummeT farm, the horses reared up into the 
air and rebounded many feet. The result was 
that Stuart was defeated by Gen. Gregg of 
the Union Army and Stuart failed to carry 
out his part of the program. On tlie other 
hand, had Stuart been successful, there is no 
doubt in my mind whatever but that he vrould 
have passed our right flank, and, in coming up 

73 



in the rear of our center on the east side ot 
Cemetery Ridge, in conjunction with Pickett's 
charge from the front, would have been suc- 
cessful in carrying out Gen. Lee's plans of 
cutting Meade's line in two. Therefore I 
contend that one of the most important fea- 
tures was the cavalry fight on the Third Day 
of July, three and one-half miles east of 
Cemetery Hill. 

^ m m m m m m m 

^N the Third Day of July, at 1. 15 P. M., 
the signal gun was fired by the Washing- 
ton Artillery of New Orleans, at edg(^ of 
the woods west and opposite a quarter of a 
mile from the Peach Orchard, and then all the 
guns in position along Lee's entire line, in all 
nearly two hundred cannon, opened fire, all 
aiming at the objective point. Soon they 
were replied to by nearly one hundred guns 
along the Union line, not because we had no 
more guns, but owing to the contour of the 
ground we could only get that number in posi- 
tion at one time. Then occurred the greatest ar- 
tillery duel of the war, nearly three hundred 
cannon, all belching fort 11 their deadly mis- 
siles, shells bursting and screaming every- 
where ; the shrieks of the dying and wounded 
were mingled with the roar of the iron storm 
74 



carrying destruction everywhere, while the 
earth itself trembled for over two hours. 

While that artillery duel is raging, Gen. 
Warren, Chief of Engineers of our Army, 
agaim rode to the summit of lyittle Round Top, 
to the signal station, and there discovered the 
glistening bayonets and the formation of 
troops in the edge of the woods, on the Spang- 
ler farm, which proved to be I^ongstreet's 
men preparing for an assault. He at once 
communicated the fact per signal to the right 
of our line, and General Runt, Chief of Ar- 
tillery of the Union Army, ordered all guns 
along our line to cease firing. Those guns 
that have been disabled were removed, like- 
wise the men and horse? that were killed or 
wounded, and others took their places. The 
caissons were refilled with ammunition ; every- 
thing was prepared to receive the attack from 
the woods in front. ^ 

Then, if never before, in his life, General ' 
Lee was led into error. When he no 
longer heard the sound of our guns, only 
echoes of his own, he believed that he had ac- 
complished his object, that he had either suc- 
ceeded in demolishing our guns or had ex- 
hausted our supply of ammunition. Know- 
ing full well that Stuart had had ample time 
to make that tour around the Union right 
flank and was due to come up in the rear of 

75 



the Union line — not yet having learned of 
Stuart's defeat — he gave the command for 
Longstreet to move. Now you read in his- 
tory of Longstreet's assault and Pickett's 
charge, yet there were more men lost in that 
movement belonging to A. P. Hill's Corps 
than of Longstreet's Corps. There were no 
troops of Longstreet's engaged in that dem- 
onstration except Pickett's iJivision. 

lyOngstreet at that time was again endeav- 
oring to turn our leit flank and was repulsed 
at Big Round Top by Gen. Kilpatrick's Cav- 
alry, where Gen. Farnsworth was killed by 
the Alabama troops of Hood's Division of 
Longstreet's Corps. At this point the reserve 
brigade of Buford's Division, which had been 
left back near Frederick, Md., Brig. Gen. 
Wesley Merritt in command, arrived from the 
south by the Hrnmitsburg road, in the rear of 
the right of Lee's Army and attacked Long- 
street from his rear, 6th Pa., ist U. S., 2nd 
U. S., 5th U. S., 6th U. S. A portion of this 
brigade was moved off by the left flank west- 
ward toward the mountain to capture a wagon 
train of the enemy, which they found heavily 
guarded and had a fierce engagement with the 
enemy's troops near Fairfield. The right of 
Merritt' s Brigade finally extended eastward 
from the Emmitsburg Road across the fields 



76 



toward Big Round Top, until a connection was 
formed with Kilpatrick's Division. 

Pickett's Division was formed at the edge 
of the woods in columns of brigades, a mile in 
front, three brigades deep, Kemper, Garnett 
and Armistead, supported on the right flank 
by two brigades of Anderson's Division, Hill's 
Corps, Wilcox's and Perry's. He was sup- 
ported on the left flank by a portion of Heth's 
and Pender's Divisions under command of 
General Pettigrew, while Wright's, Mahone's 
and Posey's Brigades of the same corps were 
supporting him in the rear under command of 
Gen. Trimble. The distance across the fields 
to our line is a little over a mile, nearly a mile 
and a quarter. The ground is almost level. 
Such was the distance over the open level 
fields that Pickett's brave men were compelled 
to march over, before they could reach our 
line, which was entrenched behind a stone 
wall. Is it not a mystery that a man ever 
lived to reach our line? I say this with all 
due respect to the soldiers of the world, no 
soldiers ever endured a more deadly fire, nor 
ever extiil)ited more heroism, than Pickett's 
men did on that occasion. 

Pickett's brave Virginians emerged from 
the woods with their guns at a right-shoulder 
shift, marching shoulder to shoulder, with 
steady and decisive step as though they were 

77 



passing in review on dress parade, not firing 
a single shot. When they had reached near 
half way, all the guns along our line opened 
fire, concentrating the same on Pickett's ad- 
vancing column, mowing great gaps through 
their line. Still on they came, keeping up 
the same steady step, closing up vacant gaps 
time after time, not firing a shot, but pressing 
on and on across the field of death, marching 
against that storm of deadly missiles as though 
it were only a storm of rain and wind instead. 

But while they faced the storm of death, 
Wilcox's and Perry's Brigades on the right 
flank, blinded by our artillery fire became sep- 
arated. They, moving off by the right flank, 
were going in the direction of Round Top. 
Heth's and Pender's troops on the left flank, 
under Gen. Pettigrew, were badly shattered 
by our guns on Cemetery Ridge. In order 
that Pickett's men might reach their objective 
]X)int, the umbrella shaped trees at the Angle 
— which the troops had been instructed to 
concentrate at before beginning the movement 
— they were compelled to make a left half- 
wheel. They were moving more in the direc- 
tion of Cemetery Hill. Consequently, one 
portion moving by the right flank and the 
other by the left flank, the further they came 
across the fields, the wider the space between 
the two organizations became. 

78 



General Hancock discovered that vacant gap 
and took Gen. Stannard's Vermont Brigade, 
i3tli Vt., 14th Vt., i6th Vt.,(tlie 12th and 
15th being left with wagon trains) and started 
to move into the vacant space by the right 
wheel, when he (Hancock) was badly 
wounded and carried from the field on a 
stretcher. Gen. Stannard then carried out 
the movement, executing that difficult move- 
ment of changing the front of the rear rank 
under fire. When he had completed the right 
wheel he about faced the rear rank, hence the 
rear rank was firing southward into Wilcox 
and Perry's Brigades, while the front rank 
was firing north into Armistead's Brigade, 
which had crossed the Hmmitsburg road and 
were nearing the Angle, their objective point, 
which was soon to pass into history as the 
"Bloody Angle." 

When Armistead's men reached the stone 
wall they wer^ receiving a fire from the Union 
Army from the front and both flanks, and 
were met by Webb's Brigade, 69th Pa., 71st 
Pa., 72nd Pa., io6th Pa., and near there were 
Brown's R. I., Arnold's R. I., Cowan's N. 
Y., Rorty's N. Y., Butler's U. S., Woodruff's 
U. S., Hampton' Pittsburg, Parson's N. J., 
and numerous other batteries, many of which 
had been demolished during the great artillery 
duel. Among them was Gushing' s 4th U. S. 

79 



Battery. CiivSliing had but one gun left and 
onl}^ six horses remained. lie had not men 
enough to work the gun. Vohmteers came 
from Webb's Philadelpliia Brigade. IJeut. 
Gushing was working the gun himself, with 
the lanj-ard wrapped around his wrist, and 
mortally wounded he said to Gen. Webb : 
"General, I will give them one more shot," 
He fell dead, the weight of his body discharged 
the piece. 

Gen. Armistead had reached the stone wall. 
He replied to Gushing by saying to liis men, 
"Boys give them the cold steel," and with his 
cap on the point of his sword he leaped the 
stone wall, followed by hundreds of his men, 
and reached thirty odd paces within our line, 
when he fell wounded, near the body of Gush- 
ing. Armistead was carried back to our rear 
to the Eleventh Gorps Hospital on the Balti- 
more Pike and died the foUovving day about 
noon. 

Then came the hand-to-hand conflict which 
lasted for a few minutes only, when they com- I 

menced to throw down their arms and surren- ';' 

der. They could get no further, neither 
could they get back. Pickett's Division had 
been almost annihilatecl ; those who had 
crossed the Emmitsburg Road had either been 
killed, wounded or captured. Those who 
fought along the stone wall at the Bloody 

80 





DEATH ()!•• HKvxoi.Ds.— New Yolk Moiiui 



Angle surviving today, of either the blue or 
the graj^ can testify that they could walk 
from the stone wall to beyond the Hmmits- 
burg Road on the dead bodies of Pickett's 
men without treading on the ground. In the 
little field between Emmitsburg road and the 
stone wall, over 600 of Pickett's men were af- 
terwards buried. Out of the fifteen field 
officers of Pickett's Division, but a single one 
escaped unhurt. 

Pickett's men did all that mortal men could 
do ; they could do no more. Forttuiately for 
us, for our country and for all concerned, they 
met a force at the stone wall, the old Second 
Corps of the Union Army, that was equally as 
brave and as fully determined, hence it was 
that Lee's last and desperate effort, Pickett's 
charge, failed. 

^- ^ •^- ^ -i^ m W: -JiC- '^ 

%5*s>i^HERPr. was expended in the great conflict 
S')\i> for our Union at Gettysburg, 569 tons of 
iSLi^\^ deadly missiles, of the various kinds and 
forms of shot, shell, shrapnel and ball, known to 
this country and to Europe. There was dead at 
one time, on this battlefield, 10,000 soldiers 
and one woman, Miss Jennie Wade, inter- 
spersed with 5,000 dead horses and mules, 
while thousands more were lying mangled and 

81 



wounded, strewn all over the bloody field, 
groaning, moaning and dying every minute. 

Such were some of the scenes and events of 
that great conflict, and it is to be hoped that, 
never again, will the American people be 
called upon to witness similar scenes. Such 
is a portion of the history of that memorable 
three days' battle and of the events preceding 
and following. It has been said, in order to 
diminish the magnitude of the rebel defeat, 
that they were merely repulsed in attacking a 
strongly fortified position of our army ; but 
the heavy losses on both sides are a sufhcient 
answer to that misrepresentation, and testify 
to the courage and obstinacy with which the 
three days' battle was fought. 

Few of the great conflicts of modern times 
have cost victor and vanquished so great losses. 
On the Union side there fell, in that campaign 
of Generals killed, Reynolds, Weed, Farns- 
worth and Zook, and of wounded, Hancock, 
Butterfield, Sickles, Doubleday, Barlow, 
Barnes, Gibbon, Warren and Graham, v/hile 
of officers below the rank of General and of 
enlisted men, there were killed 3,072, wounded 
14,497, captured or missing 5,434, total cas- 
ualties 23,003. On the Confederate side there 
were killed or mortally wounded, Generals 
Armistead, Barksdale, Garnet, Pender, Petti- 
grew and Semmes, and wounded Generals 

82 



Hetli, Hood, Joliuson, Kemper, Kimbal and 
Trimble, with Archer a prisoner, and of offi- 
cers below the rank of general and of enlisted 
men, the Union Army captured (including 
the wounded) 13,621. Of the wounded re- 
moved and missing there is no official data, 
but, from the most reliable sources, it is esti- 
mated to have been not less than 28,000, thus 
making a total loss to Lee's Army of 41,621. 
The Union Army also captured three cannon, 
28,178 small arms and 41 standards and 24,- 
978 small arms were gathered on the battle- 
field. 

The Duke of Wellington said, "That next 
to a defeat the saddest thing is a victory." 
Of the horrors of the battlefield , the sights of the 
dead, of the dying and of the wounded, com- 
bined with the sounds of woe, let me here 
throw a pall over the scenes which no words 
can adequately depict to those who have never 
witnessed such. 

On the evening of the Third of July was 
the time when Gen. Lee "beaten and baffled 
backward reeled, from a stubborn Meade and 
a barren field." On the night of the Third of 
July, Gen. Lee commenced his retreat from 
Gettysburg, moving away his wounded and 
mutilated men in wagons, many of which had 
no springs, and hurrying away his heavy 
trains. On the morning of the Fourth of July, 

S3 



Gen. Kilpatrick advanced from the left flank 
of the Union Army with cavalry forces up to 
Monterey Gap in the South Mountain, and 
there captured sixteen miles of wagon trains 
of Gen. Lee's retreating army, parked at that 
point and laden with plunder, destroyed 236 
wagons, captured over 1500 prisoners, had 
more horses and mules than the men could 
properly lead, yet he succeeded in getting 
away with the same before the main column 
of Gen. Lee's Army reached that point in the 
retreat. In the meantime. Gen. Gregg's cav- 
alry was sent hurriedly away on the right 
flank of Lee's Arni}^ and was equally success- 
ful. 

Lee moved on by the Hagerstown road, 
which leads in a southwesterly direction, over 
the South Mountain, down through Hagers- 
town and on to the Potomac River, six miles 
beyond Hagerstown. The Potomac River 
being unfordable, on account of recent heavy 
rains, Lee was unable to cross to the Virginia 
side until the 14th of July, when he succeeded 
in getting the remnant of his army into Vir- 
ginia, but with forty odd thousand men less 
than when he came to Pennsylvania. 

The reader can well imagine the arduous 
task assigned to the details for burying the 
dead at that season of the year. We not only 
had our own dead to bury and the wounded 

84 



to care for, but also the dead of the enemy, 
and many of their wounded that were left be- 
hind in their hasty retreat after their defeat. 
The work was done hurriedly and roughly. 
The battle occurring in the north, friends 
and relatives of those killed and wounded had 
easy access to the field. The new graves 
were marked with a stake or board. Man}^ 
l)odies were recovered and taken to their for- 
mer homes. In the fall of '63 for miles 
around the limbs of the dead, in many places 
were protruding from the earth. 

The loyal citizens of Gettysburg appealed 
to Judge Wills that .son.iething should be done 
for tlie better interment of these honored dead. 
He appealed to Gov. Curtin, who acquiesced 
and appealed to the other sev^enteen 
state governors, and the Gettysburg Cemetery 
Company was organized and incorporated by 
the State of Penn.«<ylvania, and they .soon pur- 
cha.sed the plot of groinid on Cemetery Hill 
adjoining the old town cemetery, consi.sting of 
seventeen acres. Here in the fall of '6,5 and 
winter of '64, the dead that had not been 
claimed by relatives were taken up and rein- 
terred in sections, representing the diflerent 
states to which they belonged. There were 
eighteen states in the Union Army repre- 
sented at the Battle of Gettysburg, and eleven 
states in the Confederate Army and Maryland 

85 



had troops in both Armies. Wheu this work 
was completed the company turned the ceme- 
tery over to the United States Government, on 
condition that so long as the Government kept 
the same in good repair it should remain the 
property of the Government, and so long only, 
and should the Government ever neglect the 
grounds they were to revert to the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania. There is not a tree 
in the National Cemetery but what has been 
placed and grown there since the battle 
was fought. At the time of the battle it was 
a rough, rock field in corn. 

The cemetery is semicircular in shape. 
There are three sections of the unknown and 
one of the United States Regulars, making in 
all twenty-two sections. The dead are laid 
with the feet to the center of the semicircle 
and in the center the National Monument is 
located. The first section on the right, in the 
outer circle, representing the State of Maine, 
containing 104 bodies ; following, Michigan 
171; New York 867; Pennsylvania 534; 
Massachusetts 159 : Ohio 131 ; Indiana 80; 
New Jersey 78 ; Rhode Island 12 ; New 
Hampshire 49 ; Vermont 61 ; Wisconsin 73 ; 
Connecticut 22 ; Delaware 15 ; West Virginia 
II ; Maryland 22 ; Minnesota 52 ; Illinois 6 ; 
United States Regulars 138 ; and three sec- 
tions of unknown, numbering 979 graves. 
86 



There are buried iu all in that great city of 
the dead, 3,590. The above figures represent 
the original number interred. Several bodies 
have been added during the past twenty-five 
years to the different states. The majority of 
the "unknown" came from First Day's Fight 
or battlefield, as our Army, having been driven 
from the field, were compelled to leave our 
dead and wounded behind. The enemy strip- 
ped our dead of their uniforms, hence they 
could not be identified after the battle as to 
name, regiment or state. 

The National Monument stands sixty feet 
high, and is twenty-five feet square at the 
base, and is crovv^ied with a statue represent- 
ing the Genius of Liberty. Projecting from 
the four corners are equal numbers of alle- 
gorical statues representing respectively War, 
History, Peace and Plenty. These figures 
were made in Italy, under supervision of tl^e 
Hon. Randolph Rogers. The National Monu- 
ment stands on that portion of the ground 
where the immortal Lincoln made his famous 
speech at the dedication of those grounds on 
the 19II1 of November, 1865, the time and 
place when the Hon. Edward Everett was the 
orator of the day, who said to Mr. Lincoln 
that he would gladly give his forty pages for 
Mr. Lincoln's twenty lines. A portion of 
those Hues are inscribed on face of monument. 

87 



It was the time aud place that Mr. Lincoln 
said : 

"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers 
brought forth upon this continent a new na- 
tion, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to 
the pro^x^sition that all men are created equal. 

"Now we are engaged in a great civil war, 
testing whether that nation, or any nation so 
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. 
We are met on a great battlefield of that war. 
We are met to dedicate a portion of it as a 
final resting place of those who here gave their 
lives that that nation might live. It is alto- 
gether fitting and proper that we should do 
this. 

"But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, 
we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this 
ground. The brave men, living and dead, 
who struggled here, have consecrated it far 
above our power to add or detract. The 
world will little note nor long remember what 
we say here, but it can never forget what they 
did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be 
dedicated here to the unfinished work that 
they have tluis far so nobly carried on. It is 
rather for us to be here dedicated to the great 
task remaining before us, that from these hon- 
ored dead we take increased devotion to the 
cause for which they here gave the last full 
measure of devotion, that we here highly re- 



XATIOXAL MONUMENT 



solve that the dead shall not have died in vain, 
that the nation shall, under God, have a new 
birth of freedom, and that the government of 
the people, by the people, and for the people, 
shall not perish from the earth." 

John Burns, hero of Gettysburg, shouldered 
his rifle, joined the First Corps troops, was 
wounded three times and was left on the field. 

The following is an account of the John 
Burns incident written by Col. Iluidekoper of 
the 150th Pa. : 

"Among the incidents of the First Day v/as 
the appearance on the field of John Burns, 
citizen, who came out from the town dressed 
in a blue swallow-tailed coat with brass but- 
tons on it, with a tall hat on, and with his 
pockets distended with powder and ball. He 
approached the firing line, where Major 
Chamberlain of the 150th Pa. was standing, 
and begged to be allowed to fight with that 
regiment. While di.scussing the matter Colo- 
nel Wister came up and advised him to go into 
the Vv'oods and fight from behind a tree, which 
the old man did, receiving there three wounds, 
for which Pennsylvania has erected to his 
memory a handsome statue, located on the 
ground where the 150th fought. The writer 
was present at this interview and vouches for 
the correctness of the statements." 



89 



The following poem was written by Bret. 
Harte in honor of his services : 

"Have you heard the story the gossips tell 

Of John Burns, of Gettysburg? No? Ali well, 

Brief is the glory that hero earns, 

Briefer the story of poor John Burns ; 

He was the fellow who won renown— 

The only man wlio didn't back down 

When the rebels rode through his native town ; 

But held his own in the fight next day, 

When all his townfolk ran away. 

That was in July, sixty-three— 

The verv day that General Lee, 

The flower of Southern chivalry, 

Baffled and beaten, backward reeled 

From a stubborn Meade and a barren held. 

I might tell how, but the day before, 
John Burns stood at his cottage-door, 
Looking down the village-street ; 
Where, in the shade of his peaceful vine, 
He heard the low of his gathered kine. 
And felt their breath with incense sweet ; 
Or, I might say, when the sunset burned 
The old farm gable, he thought it turned 
The milk, that fell in a babbling flood 
Into the milk-pail, red as blood ; 
Or how he fancied the hum of bees 
Were bullets buzzing among the trees. 
But all such fanciful thoughts as these 
Were strange to a practical man like Burns, 
Who minded only his own concerns. 
Troubled no more by fancies flne 
Than one of his calm-eyed h)ng-tailed kine— 
Quite old-fashioned and matter-of-fact, 
90 



Slow to argue, but quick to act. 

That wae the reason, as some folks say. 

Pie fought so well on that terrible day. 

And it was terrible. Ou the right 
Raged for hours the heavy fight, 
Thundered the battery's double-bass — 
Dillicult music for men to face ; 
While on the left— where now the graves 
Undulate like the living waves 
That all the day unceasing swept 
Up to the pits the rebels kept- 
Round-shot ploughed the upland glades, 
Sown Avith bullets, reaped with blades ; 
Shattered fences here and there 
Tossed their splinters in the air ; 
The very tr<?es were stripped and bare ; 
The barns that once held yellow grain 
Were heaped with harvests of the slain ; 
The cattle bellowed on the plain. 
The turkeys screamed with might and main, 
And brooding barn-fowl left their rest 
With strange shells bursting in each nest. 
Just where the battle turns. 
Erect and lonely, stood old John Burns. 

How do you think the man was dressed ? 
He wore an ancient long butrvest— 
Yellov/ as safl^ron, but his best ; 
And buttoned over his manly breast 
Was a bright blue coat, with a rolling collar 
And large gilt buttons— size of a dollar— 
With tails that country-folk call "swaller." 
He wore a broad«brimmed bell-crowned hat. 
White as the locks on which it sat. 
jNever had such a sight been seen 



For forty years on the village-green, 
Since Joliii Burna was a couutry-beau, 
And went to the "quilting," long ago. 

Close at liis elbows, all that clay, 
Veterans of the Peninsula, 
Sunburnt and bearded, charged away, 
And striplings, downy of lip and chin- 
Clerks that the Home Guard mustered in — 
Glanced, as they passed, at the hat he wore. 
Then at the rifle his right hand bore, 
And hailed him, from out their youthful lore. 
With scraps of slangy repertoire : 
"How are you. White Ilat?" "Put her through !" 
"Your head's level !" and "Bully for you !" 
Called him "Daddy," and begged he'd disclose 
The name of the tailor who made his clothes, 
And what wns the value he set on those ; 
While Burns, unmindful of jeer and scoff, 
Stood there picking the rebels ofl'— 
With his long brown rifle and bell-crown hat 
And the swallow-tails they were laughing at. 

'Twas but a moment : for that respect 
Which clothes all courage their voices checked ; 
And something the wildest could understand 
Spake in the old man's strong right hand. 
And his corded throat, and the lurking frown 
Of his eyebrows under his old bell-crown ; 
Until, as they gazed, there crept an awe 
Through the ranks, in whispers, and some men 

saw. 
In the antique vestments and long white hair, 
The Past of the Nation in battle there. 
And some of the soldiers since declare 
That the gleam of his old white hat afar, 
92 



Like the crested plume of the brave Navarre, 
That day was tbeir oriflamme of war. 
Thus raged tlie battle. You know the rest : 
How the rebels, beaten and backward pressed, 
Broke at the linal charge and ran ; 
At which John Burns, a practical man, 
Shouldered his rifle, unbent his brows. 
And then went back to his bees and cows. 

This is the story of old John Burns — 
This is the moral the reader learns : 
In lighting the battle, the question's v/hether 
You'll show a hat that's white, or a feather. 

^^^^^^^^^^ 

p^^HE Gettysburg National Park was 
Q^VS created by Act of Congress of Feb. 
i,^S^i£ II, 1895, to be composed of the 
lands ill the vicinity of Gettysburg, shown on 
the map prepared by Major-General Daniel 
E. Sickles, which were occupied by the in- 
fantry, cavalry and artillery on the First, 
Second and Third Days of July 1863. 

Since the date of the aforesaid Act of Con- 
gress the Battlefield has been under the ex- 
clusive control of the United States Govern- 
ment. There are, at the present time, 500 
monuments on the field, marking the positions 
of the Union troops and one to the Confeder- 
ates, of which there are no two designs alike. 
There are also about 1,000 markers, marking 

93 



flank positions of regiments and indi vicinal 
markers. These monnments mark the posi- 
tions of the troops engaged in battle and, at 
the same time, the^^ frequently mark the spot 
where some officer or comrade was killed or 
fell m.ortally wounded. These monuments 
cost from gi,ooo up to $50,000 each, and they 
represent millions of dollars. There have 
been more monuments and memorials erected 
on this battlefield than all the other battle- 
fields of the world combined. 

The first monument erected on the Gettys- 
burg Battlefield was in 1879 to the 2nd Mass. 
These monuments have been erected by ap- 
propriations from the different States to which 
the regiments belonged. Each of the eighteen 
states represented by the Union Army at the 
Battle of Gettysburg have appropriated $1,500 
for each of its organizations. Many of the 
organizations were successful in raising large 
sums of money and adding the same to their 
appropriations, and vSO were enabled to erect 
beautiful and elaborate monuments, costing 
several thousand dollars. 

A rule governing the erection of these 
monuments required them to be either of 
granite or of bronze, and that rule has been 
strictly adhered to. 

Since the United States has had charge of 
the field there have been 502 iron tablets put 

94 



up, 340 cannon have been mounted and 5 iron 
observation towers have been erected. Twen- 
two miles of Telford roads have been con- 
structed, which are among the finest roadways 
in the world, 16 miles of iron pipe fencing and 
15 miles of post and railing fences have been 
erected, 12 miles of stone walls have been re- 
stored, 15 miles of gutters have been paved, 5 
steel and 2 granite bridges have been erected, 
5 granite culverts have been built, thousands 
of trees have been planted in order to restore 
the tracts of timber that had been destroyed 
since the war. 

Gettysburg is the greatest marked battle- 
field of the world. Its area covers 25 square 
miles or 16,000 acres. The lines of battle are 
as distinct now as when they were so hastily 
constructed during the time of the battle. 
The Commissioners have made all the points 
of interest accessible to tourists, so that now 
it is a pleasure, as well as sn interesting and 
instructive thing, to visit the field and view 
the beautiful and artistic designs that 
loom up before the eye on every point of the 
field. Among the most attractive features are 
the equestrian statues of Generals Meade, 
Reynolds, Hancock and Slocum. Tourists 
should not fail to traverse both the Union and 
the Confederate lines. The tour of the bat- 
tlefield proper consists of not less than a thirty 

95 



iiiile drive, which usually coilsuiues the greatef 
part of the day, including tlie stop-off for 
lunch at noon. 

The natural scenery surrounding the battle- 
field would be well worth visiting, even if 
there were no historic interests connected 
tlierevv'ith. The view from Big Kound Top is 
simply sublime, a natural cyclorama, the finest 
landscape scene in the world, and through the 
work of the efhcient Commissioners persons can 
now reach that point with comparative ease, 
as well as all other important points on tlie 
battlefield. It is remarkable what the Com- 
missioners in charge have accomplished with 
the small amount of money appropriated for 
the use of the Gettysburg National Park in 
the past few years. Their work is highly 
commended by the great numbers who visit 
the battlefield annually, which sometimes ex- 
ceeds 200,000 visitors. Gettysburg is now the 
Mecca of American tourists and will, in due 
time, become the Mecca of the tourists of the 
world. 




PENNSYLVANIA BASLROAD 

EXCURSION TICKETS 

TO 

GETTYSBURG 

are on sale throughout the year 

FROIVI ALL PRINCIPAL STATIONS 

Good for use Going or Returning 
at an^ time within Six Months 

For Rates and Train Service consult nearest Ticket Agent 



C, A* Blocher's Souvenir Store 




YOU CAN FIND... 

A large and complete assortment of 
Souvenir Spoons in Sterling Silver, 
China and Novelties in endless va- 
riety decorated with battlefield views. 
The new and complete book, 

"GETTYSBURG, THE PICTURES 
AND THE STORY," 

complete with all monuments and 
panoramic views and places of inter- 
est on the field at 



C. A. Blocher's Souvenir Store 

Centre Square, Gettysburg, Pa. 



C. W. HOLTZWORTH J. HARRY HOLTZWORTH 



LIVERY 



TELEPHONE {gtyi^6I2 



ESTABLISHED OCTOBER 24. 1870 



Ziegler & Holtzworth Livery 

(Rear of Eagle Hotel) 

HOLTZWORTH BROS. 

PROPRIETORS 

WASHINGTON ST, GETTYSBURG, PA, 



If you desire t« see the Battlefield thoroug-lilj 
it will be to your advantage to give us a call. 
We have the largest transportation establish- 
ment in Southern Pennsylvania, equipped with 
the most comfortable carriages. We make the 
Battlefield a specialty. A corps of competent 
guides are connected with this establishment, 
thoroughly familiar with the movements of all 
the troops in the battle, making it possible for 
us to show yow the Battlefield in such a manner 
that 3'-ou can easily mnderstand it. Orders for 
teams by mail, telegraph or telephone, giving 
number in party, with day and time of arrival, 
will receive prompt attention. 



WE GUARANTEE SATISFACTION 



M. F. WILLIAMS 

OFFICIAL NATIONAL PARK PHOTOGRAPHER 



Lantern Slides of all Monu- 
ments and Interesting Views, 
Guide Books, Souvenirs, etc. 
Special attention given to 
Photographing- Tourist Parties 
and Reunions. Having made 
thousands of plates, we insure 
satisfaction. Mail orders 
receive prompt attention 



138 W. HIGH STREET GETTYSBURG, PA. 



COME AN'D SEE ME 



HOTEL WABASH 

BALTIMORE STREET 
Near Court House 



BEN. W. KINDIG. JR., Prop. 
GETTYSBURG PA. 



Newly Painted and Refurnished, Steam Heat, Electric 

Lights, Call Bells, Free Bus to all Trains, 

Good Livery Attached and Competent 

Guides Furnished to go over 

the Battlefield 



Rates %l3d and $2.00 per day 



Souvenir Post Cards and Photographs 
of Gettysburg Battlefield 

A full line of Mailing Cards. All the new de- 
signs at v/bolesale and retail 



PUBLISHER OF 

Historic Views of Gettysburg 

The new Album containing all Monuments and 
Tablets on the held, three large Panoramic- 
Views, a History of the Battle, also a 
History of the Battlefield 

PRICE 50 CENTS BY MAIL 60 OENTS 



Arrang^ements can be made to have your party 

Photographed on the Field at any time 

I make this a Specialty 



Write to me for anything from Gettysburg 



4f^Ba!ticno,c J^ |^ MUMPER ^^"^f."?!" 

The Battlefield Photographer 



HOTEL GETTYSBURG LIVERY 

HOLTZWOETH & HOFFMAN, Props. 



?■ ,,' 




(f^^^ 



?^.. 












LARGEST AND BEST EQUIPPED LIVERY 
IN SOUTHERN PENNSYLVANIA 



We Make the Battlefield Our Specialty- 
No Extra Charge for Guide 



Headquarters of J. P. HOFFMAN 
Guide and Delineator 



Write or Telegraph at Our Expense 



cX^- 



--•/»-''i^_.t 



Continuously in the Photographic Business 
Gettysburg Since July. 1863 




WM TIPTOXT THE BATTLEFIELD 
. n. 1 ii i UTN PHOTOGRAPHER 

NEW STUDIO AND ART STORE 

20 and 22 Chambersburg St., Gettysburg, Pa. 



If you want Photographs, Lantern Slides, 
Maps, Guide Books, Souvenir Albums or Postal 
Cards, write or call. I can supply anything 
published. 

My Souvenir Store is supplied with every- 
thing of merit on the market. 

Photographs and Groups made anywhere on 
the field. Catalogues on application. 

The new edition of "Gettysburg— The Pic- 
tures and the Story," now ready. 500 views, 
every point of interest, and all monuments, map, 
panoramic views, &c. 50c. by mail ; packed, 60c. 

Address, 



W. H . TIPTON 

GETTYSBURG 



P A 






IJMv'IS 



/^ 




MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN F. REYNOLDS. 



THE 16T? DECISIVE BATTLE 

OF THE WORLD 

GETTYSBURG 




.BY. 



Capt* James T. Long 



PRICE 25 CENTS 







! EAGLE HOTEL 

^ JOHN KIMPLE, Prop. 



The Eagle Hotel has En^erfained all the Notable Persons 
that have come to Gettysburg since the Battle in 1863— 
Headquarters for Veterans, Commerciai Men, Organizations 



Pres«n! Building is New and Newly Equipped with the 
Best and Most Modern Conveniences 



RATES $?.00, $2.50 AND $3.00 



Headquarters of CAPT. J^^MES T. LONG 
Battlen^id Guide and Looturer 



